The basic concepts in the transportation and traffic operations field that should be understood by every transportation professional are presented here in a thorough, coherent, and self-contained way. Introductory chapters on "tools" cover topics such as graphical methods, optimization, probability, stochastic processes, statistics and simulation; these are complemented by application chapters on traffic dynamics, control, observation, and scheduled modes, where the fundamental ideas are presented in depth. A key element of the author's approach is that only that material is presented which is definitely known and correct. At the same time, an effort has been made to point out various pitfalls and common errors so that they can be avoided. The result is an invaluable source of reliable, well grounded and clearly explained ideas, tools and techniques for the transportation professional.

This work was stimulated by a comment made by a former student (Prof. Alan Erera of Georgia Tech) in connection with an inventory stabil­ ity game he was going to play in one of his logistics classes. This was the well-known "beer-game" that is often played in business schools to illus­ trate the "bullwhip" effect in supply chains. Al had said to me that he did not have to tell his students how to reorder replacement parts from the other members of the supply chain because he knew from experience that the order sizes the players would generate as the game progressed would become chaotic anyhow. Since I had not played the beer game, his asser­ tion was intriguing to me. Why would such an unstructured game always lead to the same undesirable effect? Did it have something to do with psy­ chology? What is it that players did to generate instabilities? I posed these to other people but could not get completely satisfactory an­ questions swers. Thus, the bullwhip mystery remained, at least in my mind. Since inventory chains are "conservative" systems analogous to a traffic stream, and since traffic flow models exhibit similar effects (the instability of automobile platoons and of certain numerical methods being two nota­ ble examples)' I suspected that traffic flow theory might shed some light on the puzzle.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This work was stimulated by a comment made by a former student (Prof. Alan Erera of Georgia Tech) in connection with an inventory stabil­ ity game he was going to play in one of his logistics classes. This was the well-known "beer-game" that is often played in business schools to illus­ trate the "bullwhip" effect in supply chains. Al had said to me that he did not have to tell his students how to reorder replacement parts from the other members of the supply chain because he knew from experience that the order sizes the players would generate as the game progressed would become chaotic anyhow. Since I had not played the beer game, his asser­ tion was intriguing to me. Why would such an unstructured game always lead to the same undesirable effect? Did it have something to do with psy­ chology? What is it that players did to generate instabilities? I posed these to other people but could not get completely satisfactory an­ questions swers. Thus, the bullwhip mystery remained, at least in my mind. Since inventory chains are "conservative" systems analogous to a traffic stream, and since traffic flow models exhibit similar effects (the instability of automobile platoons and of certain numerical methods being two nota­ ble examples)'' I suspected that traffic flow theory might shed some light on the puzzle.

LOGISTICS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Logistics, the subject of this monograph, is narrowly defmed here to be the science that studies how to convey items from production to consumption in cost­ effective ways; some subjects of interest to logistics managers such as reliability and maintenance are not addressed. The theories that are covered, on the other hand, apply to generic items that can represent people, as well as freight; they should be of interest to passenger transportation firms and agencies. Besides''transportation, a logistics system usually includes other activities such as inventory control, handling, and sorting, which must be carefully coordinated if cost-effectiveness is to be achieved. Yet, both in theory and practice these activities are often examined separately. The operations research field includes sub-fields with specialized journals in inventory control, transportation, warehousing, etc ... Over the years, these sub-fields have evolved into disciplines that have developed their own specialized conventions and jargon, as a result making it increasingly difficult for researchers to communicate across disciplinary boundaries. Something similar happens in practice when firms become compartmentalized; if responsibilities for different logistical activities are allocated to different managers, decisions in the best interests of the firm are difficult (if not impossible) to make.

This unique book explains how to think systematically about public transportation through the lens of physics models. The book includes aspects of system design, resource management, operations and control. It presents both, basic theories that reveal fundamental issues, and practical recipes that can be readily used for real-world applications. The principles conveyed in this book cover not only traditional transit modes such as subways, buses and taxis but also the newer mobility services that are being enabled by advances in telematics and robotics.Although the book is rigorous, it includes numerous exercises and a presentation style suitable for senior undergraduate or entry-level graduate students in engineering. The book can also serve as a reference for transportation professionals and researchers keen in this field.

The basic concepts in the transportation and traffic operations field that should be understood by every transportation professional are presented here in a thorough, coherent, and self-contained way. Introductory chapters on "tools" cover topics such as graphical methods, optimization, probability, stochastic processes, statistics and simulation; these are complemented by application chapters on traffic dynamics, control, observation, and scheduled modes, where the fundamental ideas are presented in depth. A key element of the author's approach is that only that material is presented which is definitely known and correct. At the same time, an effort has been made to point out various pitfalls and common errors so that they can be avoided. The result is an invaluable source of reliable, well grounded and clearly explained ideas, tools and techniques for the transportation professional.

This work was stimulated by a comment made by a former student (Prof. Alan Erera of Georgia Tech) in connection with an inventory stabil­ ity game he was going to play in one of his logistics classes. This was the well-known "beer-game" that is often played in business schools to illus­ trate the "bullwhip" effect in supply chains. Al had said to me that he did not have to tell his students how to reorder replacement parts from the other members of the supply chain because he knew from experience that the order sizes the players would generate as the game progressed would become chaotic anyhow. Since I had not played the beer game, his asser­ tion was intriguing to me. Why would such an unstructured game always lead to the same undesirable effect? Did it have something to do with psy­ chology? What is it that players did to generate instabilities? I posed these to other people but could not get completely satisfactory an­ questions swers. Thus, the bullwhip mystery remained, at least in my mind. Since inventory chains are "conservative" systems analogous to a traffic stream, and since traffic flow models exhibit similar effects (the instability of automobile platoons and of certain numerical methods being two nota­ ble examples)' I suspected that traffic flow theory might shed some light on the puzzle.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This expanded edition of ALogistics Systems Analysis@ includes new - search results and numerous modifications to enhance comprehensiveness and clarity. It has two new sections, a new appendix, and more than half a dozen new figures. A few references have also been added, but the bibli- raphy is not exhaustive. Much of the new material is based on work by Profs. Alan Erera (Georgia Tech), Karen Smilowitz (Northwestern U. ), and by PhD candidate Yanfeng Ouyang (U. C. Berkeley). Their help is gratefully acknowledged. The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Volvo Foundations Center of Excellence for the Future of Urban Transportation at U. C. Berkeley is also acknowledged. The new appendix presents the logic behind the traveling salesman and vehicle routing results used in Sec. 4. 2 to describe the transportation ope- tion; Chapter 4 is more self-contained as a result. New section 5. 6 int- duces and evaluates a general method that automatically translates the c- tinuum approximation recipes of Chapters 4 and 5 into discrete system designs. This closes a gap in previous editions. Other additions include an explanation of how to develop system designs that can efficiently acc- modate real-time control strategies to manage uncertainty (new section 4. 6. 3), and extensions of the many-to-many design ideas of Chap. 6 (in - panded section 6. 5. 3). An errata corrigendum will be posted on the - thors=s web site: http://www. ce. berkeley.

This work was stimulated by a comment made by a former student (Prof. Alan Erera of Georgia Tech) in connection with an inventory stabil­ ity game he was going to play in one of his logistics classes. This was the well-known "beer-game" that is often played in business schools to illus­ trate the "bullwhip" effect in supply chains. Al had said to me that he did not have to tell his students how to reorder replacement parts from the other members of the supply chain because he knew from experience that the order sizes the players would generate as the game progressed would become chaotic anyhow. Since I had not played the beer game, his asser­ tion was intriguing to me. Why would such an unstructured game always lead to the same undesirable effect? Did it have something to do with psy­ chology? What is it that players did to generate instabilities? I posed these to other people but could not get completely satisfactory an­ questions swers. Thus, the bullwhip mystery remained, at least in my mind. Since inventory chains are "conservative" systems analogous to a traffic stream, and since traffic flow models exhibit similar effects (the instability of automobile platoons and of certain numerical methods being two nota­ ble examples)'' I suspected that traffic flow theory might shed some light on the puzzle.

LOGISTICS SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Logistics, the subject of this monograph, is narrowly defmed here to be the science that studies how to convey items from production to consumption in cost­ effective ways; some subjects of interest to logistics managers such as reliability and maintenance are not addressed. The theories that are covered, on the other hand, apply to generic items that can represent people, as well as freight; they should be of interest to passenger transportation firms and agencies. Besides''transportation, a logistics system usually includes other activities such as inventory control, handling, and sorting, which must be carefully coordinated if cost-effectiveness is to be achieved. Yet, both in theory and practice these activities are often examined separately. The operations research field includes sub-fields with specialized journals in inventory control, transportation, warehousing, etc ... Over the years, these sub-fields have evolved into disciplines that have developed their own specialized conventions and jargon, as a result making it increasingly difficult for researchers to communicate across disciplinary boundaries. Something similar happens in practice when firms become compartmentalized; if responsibilities for different logistical activities are allocated to different managers, decisions in the best interests of the firm are difficult (if not impossible) to make.

This unique book explains how to think systematically about public transportation through the lens of physics models. The book includes aspects of system design, resource management, operations and control. It presents both, basic theories that reveal fundamental issues, and practical recipes that can be readily used for real-world applications. The principles conveyed in this book cover not only traditional transit modes such as subways, buses and taxis but also the newer mobility services that are being enabled by advances in telematics and robotics.Although the book is rigorous, it includes numerous exercises and a presentation style suitable for senior undergraduate or entry-level graduate students in engineering. The book can also serve as a reference for transportation professionals and researchers keen in this field.