Caroline Heber – författare

The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform European Union law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State''s trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws - their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law - also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.

The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform European Union law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State''s trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws - their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law - also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.

The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform European Union law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State's trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws - their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law - also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.

Schwerpunkt dieses Handbuchs ist eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme der für gemeinnützige Organisationen und für umsatzsteuerbefreite Akteure des Nonprofitsektors geltenden Umsatzsteuerregelungen unter Berücksichtigung der nationalen und europäischen Rechtsprechung. Entsprechend dem Geltungsvorrang des Europäischen Rechts wird die MwStSystRL an den Beginn der Erörterungen gestellt und die jeweiligen innerstaatlichen Umsetzungen im Anschluss dargestellt. Soweit der in dieser Weise erfolgte Abgleich des nationalen und des europäischen Richtlinienrechts ergeben hat, dass die Vorgaben voneinander abweichen, weil der nationale Gesetzgeber die Richtlinie nicht korrekt umgesetzt hat oder weil ein Umsetzungsspielraum besteht, wird eine passgenaue und für die Organisationen des Nonprofitsektors sinnvolle Umsetzung der europäischen Vorgaben in das nationale Recht vorgeschlagen.

Das Buch befasst sich mit aktuellen und grundsätzlichen Entwicklungen zur Einwirkung des Europäischen Rechts auf die Steuerrechtsordnungen der Mitgliedstaaten. Mittels des Anwendungsvorrangs des Unionsrechts überlagert und prägt das Europäische Steuerrecht heute weite Teile der nationalen Steuergesetze. Europäische Grundrechte und Grundfreiheiten stehen dabei ebenso im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches wie die Frage nach Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Rechtsangleichung oder aktuelle Herausforderungen wie der Kampf gegen internationale Steuervermeidung. Die in diesem Buch bearbeiteten Themen reichen von aktuellen Streitfragen in der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs bis hin zu Fundamentalthemen europäischer Systembildung im Steuerrecht.

Das Buch befasst sich mit den verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen einer Anzeigepflicht für Steuergestaltungen sowie mit ihrer möglichen Ausgestaltung in Deutschland, wobei auch auf Erfahrungen anderer Länder zurückgegriffen wird. Die Anzeigepflicht soll dazu dienen, Gesetzgeber und Verwaltung frühzeitig über Steuervermeidungsstrategien zu informieren, um ihnen eine zeitnahe Reaktion zu ermöglichen (rechtspolitische Zielsetzung). Ein Fokus der europarechtlichen Analyse liegt auf der Bewertung einer Anzeigepflicht für internationale Steuergestaltungen. Im Verfassungsrecht steht neben Bestimmtheits- und Rückwirkungsverbot die Berufsfreiheit der Betroffenen im Vordergrund. Die rechtspolitische Zielsetzung legt einen Zuschnitt der Anzeigepflicht auf modellhafte Gestaltungen nahe; eine Erweiterung auf innovative Gestaltungen erscheint denkbar. Das Buch schließt mit kritischen rechtspolitischen Überlegungen zur Anzeigepflicht im Rahmen eines fairen Steuersystems.