Catherine Dehollain - Böcker

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is a small object that can be attached toor incorporated into a product, animal or person. An RFID tag contains an antenna to enable it to receive and respond to Radio-Frequency (RF) queries from an RFID reader or interrogator. Passive tags require no internal power source, whereas active tags require a power source.As of today (2006), the concepts of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence are becoming widespread. In order for these to become a reality, a number of key technologies are required. In brief, these technologies need to be sensitive, responsive, interconnected, contextualised, transparent and intelligent. RFID, and in particular passive RFID tags, are such a technology. In order to deliver the necessary characteristics that could lead to ambient intelligence, however, there are some challenges that need to be addressed.Remote powering of the tags is probably the most important challenge. Issues concerning the antenna-tag interface and the rectifier design, that allow the RF signal to be converted to Direct Current (DC) are top priorities. Secondly, the communication link and the reader should be optimized. The RF signal that contains the tag data suffers from a power of four decay with the distance between tag and reader. As a result, both the reader sensitivity and the tag backscattered power efficiency have to be maximized. Long-range powering, as well as sufficient communication quality, are the guidelines of this work.This work proposes a linear two-port model for an N-stage modified-Greinacher full wave rectifier. It predicts the overall conversion efficiency at low power levels where the diodes are operating near their threshold voltage. The output electrical behavior of the rectifier is calculated as a function of the received power and the antenna parameters. Moreover, the two-port parameter values are computed for particular input voltages and output currents for the complete N-stage rectifier circuit, using only the measured I-V and C-V characteristics of a single diode.Also presented in this work is an experimental procedure to measure how the impedance modulation at the tag side affects the signal at the reader. The method allows the tag designer to efficiently predict the effect of a modulator design at the system level and gives a useful instrument to choose the most appropriate impedances.Finally, the design of a fully-integrated, remotely powered and addressable RFID tag working at 2.45GHz is described. The achieved operating range at a 4W Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) reader transmit power is at most 12 m. The Integrated Circuit (IC) is implemented in a 0.5 um silicon-on-sapphire technology. A state-of-the-art rectifier design is embedded to supply energy to the transponder. Inductive matching and a folded-dipole antenna are key elements for achieving this performance.

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is a small object that can be attached toor incorporated into a product, animal or person. An RFID tag contains an antenna to enable it to receive and respond to Radio-Frequency (RF) queries from an RFID reader or interrogator. Passive tags require no internal power source, whereas active tags require a power source.As of today (2006), the concepts of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence are becoming widespread. In order for these to become a reality, a number of key technologies are required. In brief, these technologies need to be sensitive, responsive, interconnected, contextualised, transparent and intelligent. RFID, and in particular passive RFID tags, are such a technology. In order to deliver the necessary characteristics that could lead to ambient intelligence, however, there are some challenges that need to be addressed.Remote powering of the tags is probably the most important challenge. Issues concerning the antenna-tag interface and the rectifier design, that allow the RF signal to be converted to Direct Current (DC) are top priorities. Secondly, the communication link and the reader should be optimized. The RF signal that contains the tag data suffers from a power of four decay with the distance between tag and reader. As a result, both the reader sensitivity and the tag backscattered power efficiency have to be maximized. Long-range powering, as well as sufficient communication quality, are the guidelines of this work.This work proposes a linear two-port model for an N-stage modified-Greinacher full wave rectifier. It predicts the overall conversion efficiency at low power levels where the diodes are operating near their threshold voltage. The output electrical behavior of the rectifier is calculated as a function of the received power and the antenna parameters. Moreover, the two-port parameter values are computed for particular input voltages and output currents for the complete N-stage rectifier circuit, using only the measured I-V and C-V characteristics of a single diode.Also presented in this work is an experimental procedure to measure how the impedance modulation at the tag side affects the signal at the reader. The method allows the tag designer to efficiently predict the effect of a modulator design at the system level and gives a useful instrument to choose the most appropriate impedances.Finally, the design of a fully-integrated, remotely powered and addressable RFID tag working at 2.45GHz is described. The achieved operating range at a 4W Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) reader transmit power is at most 12 m. The Integrated Circuit (IC) is implemented in a 0.5 um silicon-on-sapphire technology. A state-of-the-art rectifier design is embedded to supply energy to the transponder. Inductive matching and a folded-dipole antenna are key elements for achieving this performance.

This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable wireless neural monitoring systems and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for continuous neural monitoring.

This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable wireless neural monitoring systems and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for continuous neural monitoring.

This book presents new systems and circuits for implantable biomedical applications, using a non-conventional way to transmit energy and data via ultrasound.  The authors discuses the main constrains (e.g. implant size, battery recharge time, data rate, accuracy of the acoustic models) from the definition of the ultrasound system specification to the in-vitro validation.The system described meets the safety requirements for ultrasound exposure limits in diagnostic ultrasound applications, according to FDA regulations.  Readers will see how the novel design of power management architecture will meet the constraints set by FDA regulations for maximum energy exposure in the human body.  Coverage also includes the choice of the acoustic transducer, driven by optimum positioning and size of the implanted medical device. Throughout the book, links between physics, electronics and medical aspects are covered to give a complete view of the ultrasound system described.Provides a complete, system-level perspective on the use of ultrasound as energy source for medical implants;Discusses system design concerns regarding wireless power transmission and wireless data communication, particularly for a system in which both are performed on the same channel/frequency;Describes an experimental study on implantable battery powered biomedical systems;Presents a fully-integrated, implantable system and hermetically sealed packaging.

This book presents new systems and circuits for implantable biomedical applications, using a non-conventional way to transmit energy and data via ultrasound.  The authors discuses the main constrains (e.g. implant size, battery recharge time, data rate, accuracy of the acoustic models) from the definition of the ultrasound system specification to the in-vitro validation.The system described meets the safety requirements for ultrasound exposure limits in diagnostic ultrasound applications, according to FDA regulations.  Readers will see how the novel design of power management architecture will meet the constraints set by FDA regulations for maximum energy exposure in the human body.  Coverage also includes the choice of the acoustic transducer, driven by optimum positioning and size of the implanted medical device. Throughout the book, links between physics, electronics and medical aspects are covered to give a complete view of the ultrasound system described.Provides a complete, system-level perspective on the use of ultrasound as energy source for medical implants;Discusses system design concerns regarding wireless power transmission and wireless data communication, particularly for a system in which both are performed on the same channel/frequency;Describes an experimental study on implantable battery powered biomedical systems;Presents a fully-integrated, implantable system and hermetically sealed packaging.

This book provides professionals in microelectronic implantable bio-medical systems an overview of recent techniques in wireless power and data telemetry.

This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for long-term patient monitoring.

This book describes new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications and explains the design of a batteryless, remotely-powered implantable micro-system, designed for long-term patient monitoring.

This book presents new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications targeting neural recording. The authors describe a system design adapted to conform to the requirements of an epilepsy monitoring system.

This book presents new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications targeting neural recording. The authors describe a system design adapted to conform to the requirements of an epilepsy monitoring system.

In this book, several advanced topics in the area of Power Management Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits and Systems have been addressed. The fundamental aspects of these topics are discussed, and state-of-the-art developments are presented. The book covers subject areas like bio-sensors co-integration with nanotechnology, and for these CMOS circuits one popular application could be personalized medicine. Having seen the power assets for such technologies, and knowing what challenges these present for the circuits and systems designer, remote powering and sensors solutions are reviewed in the second chapter. The third chapter contains an industrial contribution on remote powering, presenting energy harvesting from the RF field to power a target wireless sensor network consumption. Having touched the idea of the low current consumption, µA or Nano-Amp range and their transient behaviours are also described. Digital and large-scale integrated circuits - seen from an academic point of view - is included in chapter five, and this same topic from an industrial point of view is given in the chapter thereafter. An additional topic on the hall sensor, applied in an automotive case study, is then also presented. Approaching the duty-cycling of active mode, oscillator for timers and system-level power management including the cloud are covered in the last chapters. Power Management for Internet of Everything targets post-graduate students and those persons active in industry, whom understand and can connect system design with system on chip (SoC) and mixed-signal design as broader set of circuits and systems. The topic of Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from data converters for sensor interfaces to radios and software application, is also addressed from the viewpoint of power and energy management. The contents ensures a good balance between academia and industry, combined with a judicious selection of distinguished international authors.