Chao Zhao - Böcker

CMOS Past, Present and Future provides insight from the basics, to the state-of-the-art of CMOS processing and electrical characterization, including the integration of Group IV semiconductors-based photonics. The book goes into the pitfalls and opportunities associated with the use of hetero-epitaxy on silicon with strain engineering and the integration of photonics and high-mobility channels on a silicon platform. It begins with the basic definitions and equations, but extends to present technologies and challenges, creating a roadmap on the origins of the technology and its evolution to the present, along with a vision for future trends.

The book examines the challenges and opportunities that materials beyond silicon provide, including a close look at high-k materials and metal gate, strain engineering, channel material and mobility, and contacts. The book's key approach is on characterizations, device processing and electrical measurements.

Addresses challenges and opportunities for the use of CMOS Covers the latest methods of strain engineering, materials integration to increase mobility, nano-scaled transistor processing, and integration of CMOS with photonic components Provides a look at the evolution of CMOS technology, including the origins of the technology, current status and future possibilities

Geotechnical design confronts uncertainties from incomplete subsurface knowledge, natural variability, geomaterial properties, construction errors, and differing solution models. Traditional approaches use conservative factors of safety or pre-calibrated partial factors to address uncertainties indirectly. Reliability-based design incorporates uncertainties directly but requires full statistical characterization, which is often unattainable in practice. Robust geotechnical design offers an alternative, by optimizing safety, cost, and robustness when uncertainties cannot be accurately quantified—where reliability-based and Load And Resistance Factor design prove less effective. This first comprehensive book on robust geotechnical design presents detailed methodologies, design examples, and reviews existing methods, benefiting researchers and engineers interested in geotechnical and geological design under uncertainty.