Optimal control theory of distributed parameter systems has been a very active field in recent years; however, very few books have been devoted to the studiy of computational algorithms for solving optimal control problems. For this rason the authors decided to write this book. Because the area is so broad, they confined themselves to optimal control problems involving first and second boundary-value problems of a linear second-order parabolic partial differential equation. However the techniques used are by no means restricted to these problems. They can be and in some cases already have been applied to problems involving other types of distributed parameter system. The authors aim is to devise computational algorithms for solving optimal control problems with particular emphasis on the mathematical theory underlying the algorithms. These algorithms are obtained by using a first-order strong variational method or gradient-type methods.

Drs. Michael Sughrue of the University of California San Francisco and Charles Teo of the Centre of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery in Sydney Australia have teamed up to deliver a current, comprehensive issue on minimally invasive intracranial surgery.� 11 chapters cover all aspects of this type of surgery, including repair techniques, complication avoidance, and special considerations for movement disorders, tumors, vascular lesions and more.

A step-by-step guide to modern techniques of keyhole brain surgeryDeveloped 20 years ago by leading innovators in the field, the keyhole concept of brain surgery has become an integral part of the practice of neurosurgery. This timely and comprehensive book covers the thinking, philosophy, and techniques of modern keyhole brain surgery, including a realistic assessment of its benefits and limitations. Written by expert practitioners and highlighted by vivid surgical illustrations and procedural videos, Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery functions as an experienced mentor working side by side with neurosurgeons as they master the techniques.Special Features: Introduces the basic principles of the keyhole approach, including the practical, technical, and logistical aspects of planning procedures and operating through small openingsBeautifully illustrated with nearly 1,000 endoscopic images, diagrams, surgical drawings, and operative photographs, many showing step-by-step proceduresDetails the pivotal role of the endoscope in keyhole brain surgery and its ability to provide multiple angles of visualization, including a useful catalog of clinical situations where the endoscope has proven most effectiveDemonstrates contemporary keyhole approaches (e.g., the eyebrow/sub-frontal approach) in procedures for supratentorial intra-axial brain tumors, tumors of the cribriform plate and orbit, parasellar masses, craniopharyngiomas, tumors of the middle fossa and cavernous sinus, and many other conditions in the cranial baseOffers more than 100 procedural videos on the Thieme MediaCenter, narrated by the authors and aligned to the chapters in the book for an unparalleled learning resourceProviding all the information necessary to achieve surgical goals through well placed, smaller openings–with the added benefits of shorter procedures, fewer wound complications, and better patient outcomes–Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery is essential for every neurosurgeon in practice today.

Optimal control theory of distributed parameter systems has been a very active field in recent years; however, very few books have been devoted to the studiy of computational algorithms for solving optimal control problems. For this rason the authors decided to write this book. Because the area is so broad, they confined themselves to optimal control problems involving first and second boundary-value problems of a linear second-order parabolic partial differential equation. However the techniques used are by no means restricted to these problems. They can be and in some cases already have been applied to problems involving other types of distributed parameter system. The authors aim is to devise computational algorithms for solving optimal control problems with particular emphasis on the mathematical theory underlying the algorithms. These algorithms are obtained by using a first-order strong variational method or gradient-type methods.

Drs. Michael Sughrue of the University of California San Francisco and Charles Teo of the Centre of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery in Sydney Australia have teamed up to deliver a current, comprehensive issue on minimally invasive intracranial surgery.� 11 chapters cover all aspects of this type of surgery, including repair techniques, complication avoidance, and special considerations for movement disorders, tumors, vascular lesions and more.

A step-by-step guide to modern techniques of keyhole brain surgeryDeveloped 20 years ago by leading innovators in the field, the keyhole concept of brain surgery has become an integral part of the practice of neurosurgery. This timely and comprehensive book covers the thinking, philosophy, and techniques of modern keyhole brain surgery, including a realistic assessment of its benefits and limitations. Written by expert practitioners and highlighted by vivid surgical illustrations and procedural videos, Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery functions as an experienced mentor working side by side with neurosurgeons as they master the techniques.Special Features: Introduces the basic principles of the keyhole approach, including the practical, technical, and logistical aspects of planning procedures and operating through small openingsBeautifully illustrated with nearly 1,000 endoscopic images, diagrams, surgical drawings, and operative photographs, many showing step-by-step proceduresDetails the pivotal role of the endoscope in keyhole brain surgery and its ability to provide multiple angles of visualization, including a useful catalog of clinical situations where the endoscope has proven most effectiveDemonstrates contemporary keyhole approaches (e.g., the eyebrow/sub-frontal approach) in procedures for supratentorial intra-axial brain tumors, tumors of the cribriform plate and orbit, parasellar masses, craniopharyngiomas, tumors of the middle fossa and cavernous sinus, and many other conditions in the cranial baseOffers more than 100 procedural videos on the Thieme MediaCenter, narrated by the authors and aligned to the chapters in the book for an unparalleled learning resourceProviding all the information necessary to achieve surgical goals through well placed, smaller openings–with the added benefits of shorter procedures, fewer wound complications, and better patient outcomes–Principles and Practice of Keyhole Brain Surgery is essential for every neurosurgeon in practice today.