Christian Blume – författare

The second edition of PASRO - Pascal for Robots includes some new aspects of the PASRO development within the last two years. Besides the PASRO implementation on other computers with the help of different Pascal compilers and operating systems, one significant new development has been the implementation of the PASRO concept in the programming language C. Therefore the second edition is divided into two major parts: A. The revised and little extended "old" PASRO description of the first edition based on Pascal. B. The new PASRO/C description based on C. Of course we know that the name "PASRO/C· is a contradiction in terms, but we chose it, in order to use the well known name PASRO in future. The additional author John Favaro is respon­ sible for the PASRO/C implementation and the des~ription while Christian Blume designed the PASRO concept and implemented the original PASRO, together with Wilfried Jakob. Additional thanks are dedicated to Jan Schloen and Thomas Eppting, who helped us to implement PASRO/C. We would also like to thank all readers of the first edition, who sent us their comments and corrections. Amongst these, spe­ cial thanks to G. Macartney from the Queen's University of Bel­ fast.

The second edition of PASRO - Pascal for Robots includes some new aspects of the PASRO development within the last two years. Besides the PASRO implementation on other computers with the help of different Pascal compilers and operating systems, one significant new development has been the implementation of the PASRO concept in the programming language C. Therefore the second edition is divided into two major parts: A. The revised and little extended "old" PASRO description of the first edition based on Pascal. B. The new PASRO/C description based on C. Of course we know that the name "PASRO/C· is a contradiction in terms, but we chose it, in order to use the well known name PASRO in future. The additional author John Favaro is respon­ sible for the PASRO/C implementation and the des~ription while Christian Blume designed the PASRO concept and implemented the original PASRO, together with Wilfried Jakob. Additional thanks are dedicated to Jan Schloen and Thomas Eppting, who helped us to implement PASRO/C. We would also like to thank all readers of the first edition, who sent us their comments and corrections. Amongst these, spe­ cial thanks to G. Macartney from the Queen''s University of Bel­ fast.

Previous works on industrial robots dealt with "programming" and "programming languages" only in passing; no comparison was made between characteristics of the individual programming lan­ guages. This book, therefore, gives a detailed account of industrial robot programming and its environment. Mter introducing basic concepts special attention is paid to the language constructs relevant to robot programming. The features of various elements of the languages ex­ amined are compared. The languages are based on the following concepts: SRL - high-level programming language based on AL with PASCAL elements (University of Karlsruhe, F. R G. ) PASRO - integrated into PASCAL, based on the geometrical data types of SRL (I. I. -BIOMATIC Informatics Institute, Freiburg, F. RG. ) AL - derived from the high-level programming language ALGOL (Stanford University, U. S. A. , and University of Karls­ ruhe, F. RG. ) AML - high-level programming language, influenced by PL/1 (IBM, U. S. A. ) VAL - language specifically developed for robots (Unimation, U. S. A. ) HELP - mixture of high-level language elements and robot l- guage elements and real-time processing (DEA, Italy) SIGLA - a simple machine language (Olivetti, Italy) ROBEX - based on NC programming (Technical College (RWTH), Aachen, F. RG. ) RAIL - high-level programming language for industrial robots with elements for graphic processing (Automatix, U. S. A. ) IRDATA - general software interface between programming and robot controller (Association of German Engineers (VDI), F. R G.

The origin ofPASRO (Trademark ofBIOMATIK GmbH, Freiburg, FRG) was a set of pro­ cedures for performing arithmetic on geometric data types and for coordinate transforma­ tion for study and teaching purposes, developed as a base for high level robot programming. The study of many robot languages revealed areas for necessary improvements: 1. Move statements must be independent of a specific robot control system. They must instead be based on the different types of trajectory calculation resp. interpolation. 2. A structured language concept should be employed, including a structured concept for concurrent programming (The latter is not yet implemented in PASRO owing to the use of Standard PASCAL instead of CONCURRENT PASCAL or MODULA 2). 3. Integration of geometric data types into existing structured data types. 4. Simplicity of language constructs. 5. Integration of teach-in via frame-files. This resulted in the implementation ofPASRO by Christian Blume (BLUME [1.1]) and in the joint development of the SRL concept (Structured Robot Language) as it was intro­ duced in May 1983 at Liege (see BLUMEIJAKOB [1.2]). PASRO is at present state of the implementation a programming system for teaching, studying and experimenting and not for industrial use, although it could easily be extended for that purpose (cf paragraph 8.2). We especially thank the PSI company, Berlin, who gave us technical support to write this book, the BIOMATIK company ofFreiburg, which is marketing PASRO, its manager G. R. Koch, and the University of Karlsruhe, Prof. Dr.-Ing. U. Rembold.