English is an important part of the linguistic repertoire of Pakistanis and is used in government, top level judiciary, higher education, business, and the internet. In this Element, we cover brief history, attitudes, a feature description, and uses of English on the internet by Pakistanis. The study of attitudes shows that Pakistanis mostly look outwards for standards and norms. The analysis of various features at phonological, orthographic, lexical, and grammatical levels shows that Pakistani English has distinct features that can be categorised in three ways: contact-induced features (e.g. reduplication), the result of conservativism in the variety (e.g. which vs that relatives), and influenced by American and British English (e.g. spellings). English is also frequently used on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We conclude that English in Pakistan is well-established and stabilised with evolutionary characteristics of 'nativisation' on Schneider's Dynamic Model.

English is an important part of the linguistic repertoire of Pakistanis and is used in government, top level judiciary, higher education, business, and the internet. In this Element, we cover brief history, attitudes, a feature description, and uses of English on the internet by Pakistanis. The study of attitudes shows that Pakistanis mostly look outwards for standards and norms. The analysis of various features at phonological, orthographic, lexical, and grammatical levels shows that Pakistani English has distinct features that can be categorised in three ways: contact-induced features (e.g. reduplication), the result of conservativism in the variety (e.g. which vs that relatives), and influenced by American and British English (e.g. spellings). English is also frequently used on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We conclude that English in Pakistan is well-established and stabilised with evolutionary characteristics of 'nativisation' on Schneider's Dynamic Model.

This book presents an in-depth study of English as spoken in two major anglophone Caribbean territories, Jamaica and Trinidad. Based on data from the International Corpus of English, it focuses on variation at the morphological and syntactic level between the educated standard and more informal educated spoken usage. Dagmar Deuber combines quantitative analyses across several text categories with qualitative analyses of transcribed text passages that are grounded in interactional sociolinguistics and recent approaches to linguistic style and identity. The discussion is situated in the context of variation in the Caribbean and the wider context of world Englishes, and the sociolinguistic background of Jamaica and Trinidad is also explored. This volume will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the fields of sociolinguistics, world Englishes, and language contact.

English is an important part of the linguistic repertoire of Pakistanis and is used in government, top level judiciary, higher education, business, and the internet. In this Element, we cover brief history, attitudes, a feature description, and uses of English on the internet by Pakistanis. The study of attitudes shows that Pakistanis mostly look outwards for standards and norms. The analysis of various features at phonological, orthographic, lexical, and grammatical levels shows that Pakistani English has distinct features that can be categorised in three ways: contact-induced features (e.g. reduplication), the result of conservativism in the variety (e.g. which vs that relatives), and influenced by American and British English (e.g. spellings). English is also frequently used on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We conclude that English in Pakistan is well-established and stabilised with evolutionary characteristics of 'nativisation' on Schneider's Dynamic Model.

English is an important part of the linguistic repertoire of Pakistanis and is used in government, top level judiciary, higher education, business, and the internet. In this Element, we cover brief history, attitudes, a feature description, and uses of English on the internet by Pakistanis. The study of attitudes shows that Pakistanis mostly look outwards for standards and norms. The analysis of various features at phonological, orthographic, lexical, and grammatical levels shows that Pakistani English has distinct features that can be categorised in three ways: contact-induced features (e.g. reduplication), the result of conservativism in the variety (e.g. which vs that relatives), and influenced by American and British English (e.g. spellings). English is also frequently used on platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. We conclude that English in Pakistan is well-established and stabilised with evolutionary characteristics of 'nativisation' on Schneider's Dynamic Model.

This book presents an in-depth study of English as spoken in two major anglophone Caribbean territories, Jamaica and Trinidad. Based on data from the International Corpus of English, it focuses on variation at the morphological and syntactic level between the educated standard and more informal educated spoken usage. Dagmar Deuber combines quantitative analyses across several text categories with qualitative analyses of transcribed text passages that are grounded in interactional sociolinguistics and recent approaches to linguistic style and identity. The discussion is situated in the context of variation in the Caribbean and the wider context of world Englishes, and the sociolinguistic background of Jamaica and Trinidad is also explored. This volume will be of interest to students and researchers interested in the fields of sociolinguistics, world Englishes, and language contact.