Daniel Stark – författare

Scientific Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Physics - General, grade: na, , language: English, abstract: In this paper a theory is proposed that our matter is excited Dark Matter (DM) with the addition of an Electromagnetic (EM) field. The method of excitation is the subject of this paper. Excitation is predicted when a DM quanta group captures into closed wave orbit a photon. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing and incoming EM waves as well as a standing spherical wave region inside the closed wave orbit. This theory integrates concepts from other theorists, prominently Doctor Milo Wolff s theories that: (1) An outgoing or incoming EM wave creates a positive or negative charge. (2) An EM standing wave is the basis for particle self-assembly creating more complex composite particles including the atom. Standing Wave self-assembly replaces strong and weak nuclear force theories. Composite particles, atoms, crystals, and most of our observable matter are formed in Childiani regions described by spherical harmonic standing waves. The photon s polarizations determine different particle characteristics. A Clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) closed wave orbit creates the particle s up and down as well as spin. Circular polarized photons determine if the outward spherical wave is outgoing or incoming based on the EM field vector direction when entering closed wave orbit. A radially polarized photon s EM waves exterior to the photon s closed wave orbit may also be destructive, forming chargeless particles (neutrino). This theory: (a) requires the scalar gravitational field, f, to be the photon s travel medium with f having an index-of-refraction. (b) Mass becomes a function of f values at each point in space, as predicted by Gunnar Nordstrom. (c) Albert Einstein s definition for a particle is used which is quanta having dimension. (d) Space is defined as flat, not curved as described in relativity. This theory predicts the trace stress energy tensor or a flat space-time.

Academic Paper from the year 2021 in the subject Physics - Other, grade: 10, , course: retired, language: English, abstract: This paper is the 4th in a series wherein a theory is proposed that our matter is excited Dark Matter (DM) with the addition of an Electromagnetic (EM) field. The method of excitation is the subject of this paper. Excitation is predicted when a DM quanta group captures into closed wave orbit a photon. The orbiting photon creates EM outgoing and incoming EM waves as well as a standing spherical wave region inside the closed wave orbit. This theory integrates concepts from other theorists, prominently Dr. Milo Wolff s theories that: (1) An outgoing or incoming EM wave creates a positive or negative charge. (2) An EM standing wave is the basis for particle self-assembly creating more complex composite particles including the atom. Standing Wave self-assembly replaces strong and weak nuclear force theories. Composite particles, atoms, crystals, and most of our observable matter are formed in Childiani regions described by spherical harmonic standing waves. The photon s polarizations determine different particle characteristics. A Clockwise (CW) or counter-clockwise (CCW) closed wave orbit creates the particle s up and down as well as spin. Circular polarized photons determine if the outward spherical wave is outgoing or incoming based on the EM field vector direction when entering closed wave orbit. A radially polarized photon s EM waves exterior to the photon s closed wave orbit may also be destructive, forming chargeless particles (neutrino). This theory: (a) requires the scalar gravitational field, f, to be the photon s travel medium with f having an index-of-refraction. (b) Mass becomes a function of f values at each point in space, as predicted by Gunnar Nordstrom. (c) Albert Einstein s definition for a particle is used which is quanta having dimension. (d) Space is defined as flat, not curved as described in relativity. This theory predicts the trace stress energy tensor or a flat space-time.

Academic Paper from the year 2022 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, grade: A, , language: English, abstract: By applying Newtonian physics, it can be shown that a singularity cannot form inside a Black Hole (BH) or anywhere in the universe. Currently, BHs are theorized inside BHs; however, these theories ignore Newton's Shell Theorem. By applying General Relativity and an incorrect maths model wherein all mass is treated as being at the centre of a mass, the gravitational field approaches infinity. Treating the mass as being at the centre of a spherical mass is only correct outside the mass body. Newton's second theorem describes the gravitational field inside a spherical mass, which is zero at its centre rather than approaching infinity. BHs with a singularity is predicted to trap photons; however, photons can escape a BH with an increase in wavelength. Radio stars may be the result wherein all visible photon wavelengths have been shifted outside the visible region, making the BH appear black. The gravitational mass does bend the photon's path, causing some oblique photons to orbit a BH.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, grade: 4.0, , language: English, abstract: In this paper, alternate theories for the Big Bang and Standard Model are proposed, which theorize how galaxies are created. The galaxy formation model explains how and where the fundamental particles are created. The greater universe is theorized as consisting exclusively of Dark Matter (DM) and Energy. DM has mass and is the source of the gravitational field. DM hosts kinetic and potential energy. A stable greater universe is the end result of entropy, wherein DM and energy are uniformly distributed. Fluctuations in these evenly spaced DM particles allow gravitational attraction to concentrate DM, creating galactic size DM strings. The masses of DM violate entropy by concentrating kinetic and potential energy. In these DM concentrations, collisions between large DM concentrations form a spinning DM galaxy. Inside these spinning turbulent DM galaxies, DM is theorized to undergo phase change into particle size droplets. DM droplet sphere collisions are theorized to create gamma rays by converting kinetic energy into gamma ray photons (probably via 3rd or 4th derivative of DM sphere velocity). DM spheres are predicted to capture gamma rays via Total Internal Reflection (TIR) creating a DM sphere with EM fields. Thus creating electrons, positrons, neutrons and protons. TIR is possible when the index of refraction between inside the DM sphere and outside satisfy: (n1/n2)(sin q1)>1 where n2 = 1 which is outside of the DM sphere, n1 is the DM s index of refraction and q1 is the angle from vertical to the DM s surface. These gamma rays may be generated inside of the DM sphere during the collisions or be captured because of the DM sphere s expected high index of refraction. To create a particle with EM forces, the particle must support internal standing waves, which requires the DM sphere dimension to satisfy gamma wavelength dimensions. The simplest being a half wavelength diameter sphere, which probably results in an electron or positron when capturing a gamma ray. The TIR photon provides a total positive on negative external E field because the trailing photon s E field is reversed by the lens effect during reflections inside the DM sphere, yielding an E field in the same direction as the first half of the photon's E field direction.

Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Physics - Astronomy, , language: English, abstract: This paper presents a new concept for particle physics, which leads to a new concept for the universe and theories in physics. That concept is that the fundamental particle in the universe is a Dark Matter (DM) particle, and our matter consists of excited DM particles. The excited DM particles are theorized as formed in small regions of the universe where DM particles have been concentrated via gravitational attraction, which also acts to concentrate gravitational potential energy. These high-energy DM concentrations energize DM particles, creating the electromagnetic fields, which forms our matter and our sub-universe. The DM particles only interact via a gravitational field; however, the excited DM is theorized to also create the electromagnetic force. The weak and strong nuclear forces are theorized as an edifice of the DM basic bubble like structure. All matter is composed of only two items, DM and energy. All particles are composed of different combinations of these two items. The greater universe is an even distribution of DM particles with all energy stored as gravitational potential. Our sub-universe is a concentration of DM and energy. The energy flows back to lower energy regions in the universe following the same principle as the thermodynamic laws. The energy flows back to the universe s lower energy regions via excited DM particles, creating the appearance of an expanding universe. Thus we live in two universes, an infinite DM universe and a finite sub-universe composed of our matter with both universes sharing the same space, time, energy, gravity and DM particles. This theory has major implications in a theory of the universe, particle physics and general physics. This simple assumption provides alternate theories to many of current accepted theories. The model presented herein is less complex than the current Standard Model, origin of the universe, and relativity. Many current contradictions are resolved. This theory lends itself to more rigorous mathematical modeling of physical phenomena, enabling a more rigorous mathematical modeling as compared to current theories.