Financial crime is a significant drain on economies across the world. This book looks at one aspect of financial crime, that of benchmark interest rate manipulation by competing banks, with the aim of identifying the best approach for the United Kingdom to take to the enforcement of laws against future benchmark manipulation.

The manipulation of any benchmark interest rate by bankers, colluding for their own gain, is likely to negatively affect a large proportion of the population, as many people have loans pegged to a benchmark interest rate. This monograph investigates the approach the UK took to enforcing action against the benchmark manipulation which took place in the London Interbank Offered Rate and the Foreign Exchange benchmark manipulation scandals. As part of this investigation, the approaches taken in the European Union and the United States of America are examined and compared to the approach taken in the UK for the same crime to draw conclusions and make recommendations to improve the UK approach for future instances of benchmark manipulation. The work fills an important gap in the literature by comparing and evaluating the laws and enforcement policies pertaining to the use of competition law in counteracting benchmark manipulation in the UK, EU and US. It argues that competition law is an effective enforcement tool when used in the financial services sector and that it provides regulators with a wide range of enforcement options when a breach of competition law is established.

The book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the areas of financial crime, competition law, comparative law and criminal justice.

Financial crime is a significant drain on economies across the world. This book looks at one aspect of financial crime, that of benchmark interest rate manipulation by competing banks, with the aim of identifying the best approach for the United Kingdom to take to the enforcement of laws against future benchmark manipulation.

The manipulation of any benchmark interest rate by bankers, colluding for their own gain, is likely to negatively affect a large proportion of the population, as many people have loans pegged to a benchmark interest rate. This monograph investigates the approach the UK took to enforcing action against the benchmark manipulation which took place in the London Interbank Offered Rate and the Foreign Exchange benchmark manipulation scandals. As part of this investigation, the approaches taken in the European Union and the United States of America are examined and compared to the approach taken in the UK for the same crime to draw conclusions and make recommendations to improve the UK approach for future instances of benchmark manipulation. The work fills an important gap in the literature by comparing and evaluating the laws and enforcement policies pertaining to the use of competition law in counteracting benchmark manipulation in the UK, EU and US. It argues that competition law is an effective enforcement tool when used in the financial services sector and that it provides regulators with a wide range of enforcement options when a breach of competition law is established.

The book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the areas of financial crime, competition law, comparative law and criminal justice.

This book helps those holiday makers-whether at home, at the holiday home, or overseas-to produce nutritious, relatively inexpensive, and quickly cooked meals. It is especially for those who want to spend less time over a hot stove and more time enjoying the area, the fun, and the company.

Whether you choose to holiday at home, at the seaside or in the mountains, each area will have special ingredients that you would love to make the most of.

With this book, Diana has also indcluded to help you take advantage of these. Much local produce is great on its own-for example, top wines, tree ripened stone fruit in the summer, not to mention the trout in the streams and lakes. She has included recipes for breakfast cereal, suggestions and recipes for picnics and platters, salads and pastas, trout, desserts for summer and winter, and drinks and also included some handy tips for holidaying in an extreme climate, including staying safe on the roads and on the water. Winter or summer, you will find she has included delicious foods, and whenever possible, she has tried to avoid weighing ingredients. She hopes you will enjoy this book and your holidays with lots of happy memories.

Financial crime is a significant drain on economies across the world. This book looks at one aspect of financial crime, that of benchmark interest rate manipulation by competing banks, with the aim of identifying the best approach for the United Kingdom to take to the enforcement of laws against future benchmark manipulation.

The manipulation of any benchmark interest rate by bankers, colluding for their own gain, is likely to negatively affect a large proportion of the population, as many people have loans pegged to a benchmark interest rate. This monograph investigates the approach the UK took to enforcing action against the benchmark manipulation which took place in the London Interbank Offered Rate and the Foreign Exchange benchmark manipulation scandals. As part of this investigation, the approaches taken in the European Union and the United States of America are examined and compared to the approach taken in the UK for the same crime to draw conclusions and make recommendations to improve the UK approach for future instances of benchmark manipulation. The work fills an important gap in the literature by comparing and evaluating the laws and enforcement policies pertaining to the use of competition law in counteracting benchmark manipulation in the UK, EU and US. It argues that competition law is an effective enforcement tool when used in the financial services sector and that it provides regulators with a wide range of enforcement options when a breach of competition law is established.

The book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the areas of financial crime, competition law, comparative law and criminal justice.

Financial crime is a significant drain on economies across the world. This book looks at one aspect of financial crime, that of benchmark interest rate manipulation by competing banks, with the aim of identifying the best approach for the United Kingdom to take to the enforcement of laws against future benchmark manipulation.

The manipulation of any benchmark interest rate by bankers, colluding for their own gain, is likely to negatively affect a large proportion of the population, as many people have loans pegged to a benchmark interest rate. This monograph investigates the approach the UK took to enforcing action against the benchmark manipulation which took place in the London Interbank Offered Rate and the Foreign Exchange benchmark manipulation scandals. As part of this investigation, the approaches taken in the European Union and the United States of America are examined and compared to the approach taken in the UK for the same crime to draw conclusions and make recommendations to improve the UK approach for future instances of benchmark manipulation. The work fills an important gap in the literature by comparing and evaluating the laws and enforcement policies pertaining to the use of competition law in counteracting benchmark manipulation in the UK, EU and US. It argues that competition law is an effective enforcement tool when used in the financial services sector and that it provides regulators with a wide range of enforcement options when a breach of competition law is established.

The book will be a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policymakers working in the areas of financial crime, competition law, comparative law and criminal justice.

This book helps those holiday makers-whether at home, at the holiday home, or overseas-to produce nutritious, relatively inexpensive, and quickly cooked meals. It is especially for those who want to spend less time over a hot stove and more time enjoying the area, the fun, and the company.

Whether you choose to holiday at home, at the seaside or in the mountains, each area will have special ingredients that you would love to make the most of.

With this book, Diana has also indcluded to help you take advantage of these. Much local produce is great on its own-for example, top wines, tree ripened stone fruit in the summer, not to mention the trout in the streams and lakes. She has included recipes for breakfast cereal, suggestions and recipes for picnics and platters, salads and pastas, trout, desserts for summer and winter, and drinks and also included some handy tips for holidaying in an extreme climate, including staying safe on the roads and on the water. Winter or summer, you will find she has included delicious foods, and whenever possible, she has tried to avoid weighing ingredients. She hopes you will enjoy this book and your holidays with lots of happy memories.