Donald White – författare

This volume focuses on the architectural development of the sanctuary from its foundation in the late seventh century B.C. to the end of the pre-Imperial Roman phase (31 B.C.). The main periods of sanctuary architecture treated in the volume took shape in the shadow of major historical events of Cyrene, from its colonial foundation and through its rapid expansion under the Battiad monarchs, and its eventual struggle with Persian-occupied Egypt. This is followed by Cyrene's tumultuous and as yet poorly understood fifth century, and its loss of independence under the Ptolemies.

According to Herodotus, Cyrene was colonized by settlers from the island of Thera, later joined by other colonists from Crete, Samos, Laconia, and Rhodes. Traditionally the foundation date has been set at 631 B.C. The sanctuary began to develop within a generation of the establishment of the colony and continued in use until its destruction by an earthquake in A.D. 262. In this volume, the excavator presents the background of the site, the history of its excavation, and an overall view of the current project.

The excavations of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at Marsa Matruh on Bates' Island, which is located on the seacoast at the north of Egypt's western desert, uncovered a small site with a metalworking workshop and nearby houses. The pottery found in the excavations indicates that this small Late Bronze Age settlement had links to several cultures: Cyprus, the Aegean, Egypt, the coast of western Asia, and the local Marmarican people. The results of the excavations are published in two volumes. This volume provides an overview of the excavations at the site, the Late Bronze Age and historical period occupations, and an introduction to the environmental morphology and history of the island.

The University Museum's classical collections are among the largest, most diverse, and most systematically collected of those of any museum in the United States. Of particular importance is the Etruscan material, spanning the entire history of the Etruscan peoples, from the ninth to the second centuries B.C. The strengths of the Roman collection are its glass, coins, sculpture, and the excavated objects from the Italian sites of Colonia Minturnae and the Sanctuary of Diana at Nemi. The Guide covers religion, daily life, language, commerce and trade, and death and burial among the Etruscans and Romans, and the legacy of the classical world in Western culture. It celebrates the completion of a suite of galleries at the University Museum-Worlds Intertwined: Etruscans, Greeks, and Romans-and is a companion guide to The Ancient Greek World (1995).

The University Museum's classical collections are among the largest, most diverse, and most systematically collected of those of any museum in the United States. Of particular importance is the Etruscan material, spanning the entire history of the Etruscan peoples, from the ninth to the second centuries B.C. The strengths of the Roman collection are its glass, coins, sculpture, and the excavated objects from the Italian sites of Colonia Minturnae and the Sanctuary of Diana at Nemi. The Guide covers religion, daily life, language, commerce and trade, and death and burial among the Etruscans and Romans, and the legacy of the classical world in Western culture. It celebrates the completion of a suite of galleries at the University Museum-Worlds Intertwined: Etruscans, Greeks, and Romans-and is a companion guide to The Ancient Greek World (1995).

This is the climactic volume on the archaeological and architectural history from ca. 31 B.C. to A.D. 365 of the extramural sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at Cyrene, Libya. It deals with the impact of Christianity on the cult and the causes of its decline, with particular emphasis on the largest body of evidence recorded anywhere for iconoclastic damage, presumably by Christian populations, to sculpted images of worshippers and twin goddesses. The volume traces the characteristics of major Demeter sanctuaries elsewhere (e.g., Eleusis, Corinth, Pergamon, Acragas, and Selinus) and places Cyrene's sanctuary within the context of this development. The volume also presents the sanctuary's important lapidary and lead inscriptions as analyzed by Joyce Reyonlds. It is the eighth volume in the final reports series for the excavations conducted for the University of Michigan, and subsequently the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, between 1969 and 1981.