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Rapid Manufacturing is a term that embraces rapid prototyping and rapid tooling.Rapid prototyping is an exciting new technology for quickly creating physical models and functional prototypes directly from CAD models. Rapid tooling generally concerns the production of tooling using parts manufactured by rapid prototyping. Rapid prototyping and rapid tooling are means for compressing the time-to-market of products and, as such are competitiveness enhancing technologies.The book describes the characteristics and capabilities of the main known rapid prototyping processes.It covers in detail commercially available processes, such as:- Stereolithography (SLA);- Selective Laser Sintering (SLS);- Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM);- Solid Ground Curing (SGC);- Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)and provides information on several other processes still under development.The book discusses various direct and indirect methods of producing soft tooling, firm tooling (or bridge tooling) and hard tooling based on rapid prototyping. The discussion is wide- ranging and not found in other books published to-date. Also special to the book is material on process optimisation. This was derived from work at the authors'Centre and is not available in other texts. The book places a strong emphasis on practical applications, devoting special chapters to both the applications of rapid prototyping and rapid tooling. The book contains an abundance of photographs and diagrams, some in colour, to illustrate clearly the principles of the machines and processes involved. The book does not require any special background. It should be of interest to manufacturing, industrial, production, mechanical and materials engineers wishing to up date themselves on some of the most important developments in modern manufacture. (The authors are from the Manufacturing Engineering Centre, which conducts leading-edge research into advanced manufacturing as well as providinga commercial rapid prototyping and tooling service to several hundred industrial customers).

This book covers four optimisation techniques loosely classified as "intelligent": genetic algorithms, tabu search, simulated annealing and neural networks. • Genetic algorithms (GAs) locate optima using processes similar to those in natural selection and genetics. • Tabu search is a heuristic procedure that employs dynamically generated constraints or tabus to guide the search for optimum solutions. • Simulated annealing finds optima in a way analogous to the reaching of minimum energy configurations in metal annealing. • Neural networks are computational models of the brain. Certain types of neural networks can be used for optimisation by exploiting their inherent ability to evolve in the direction of the negative gradient of an energy function and to reach a stable minimum of that function. Aimed at engineers, the book gives a concise introduction to the four techniques and presents a range of applications drawn from electrical, electronic, manufacturing, mechanical and systems engineering. The book contains listings of C programs implementing the main techniques described to assist readers wishing to experiment with them. The book does not assume a previous background in intelligent optl1TIlsation techniques. For readers unfamiliar with those techniques, Chapter 1 outlines the key concepts underpinning them. To provide a common framework for comparing the different techniques, the chapter describes their performances on simple benchmark numerical and combinatorial problems. More complex engineering applications are covered in the remaining four chapters of the book.