Instrument Technology, Volume 3: Telemetering and Automatic Control deals with advances in telemetering instruments used in automatic control of industrial processes. The focus is on instruments used to transmit to a control room an indication of the value of a measured variable, and on instruments and mechanisms used to control process variables. The basic physical principles are discussed and the actual instruments are classified according to the principle upon which they are based. This volume consists of two chapters and begins with an overview of telemetering and pneumatic methods of telemetering. Electrical telemetering systems are described in terms of telemetering by variation of an electrical quantity, balanced bridge systems, and position systems. The second chapter discusses the theory of automatic control and illustrates the automation of temperature control in furnaces. The construction and operation of some of the simple, self-acting process controllers are explained and the more elaborate controllers are described. This monograph will be useful to students and those involved in the craft and science of instrumentation.

Instrument Technology, Volume 1 focuses on the instruments used in the measurement, recording, and control of critical variables in industrial processes. More specifically, measurements of pressure, liquid level in a tank or vessel, flow, and temperature are discussed. Instruments are classified according to the physical principle upon which they are based. The discussion begins by introducing the reader to the system of units of measurement used throughout the text. This topic is followed by four chapters, each dealing largely with the mathematics and physics of the instruments, which are classified according to the decimal system. The first chapter describes the principles on which the measurement of pressure and the transmission of force by a fluid depend. Before considering the actual methods of measuring pressure, the book first explains the difference between absolute and differential pressure. The second chapter discusses how the level of liquid in a tank or vessel is measured using direct methods and pressure-operated types. The third chapter focuses on the measurement of flow using quantity meters and rate-of-flow meters. The final chapter is concerned with temperatures measured on different thermometers and the two fixed points used to compare such measurements: the lower fixed point (ice-point) and the upper fixed point (steam-point). This book is intended for instrument and chemical engineers, as well as for students studying both craftsmen and technician courses.

Instrument Technology, Volume 2: On-Line Analysis Instruments describes a variety of on-line analysis instruments used in measuring the quality of products, including sampling systems for gases and liquids; on-line instruments for ASTM procedures; and instruments for measuring density or specific gravity, humidity, chemical composition, and viscosity. Measurements employing nuclear techniques are also considered. This text is comprised of seven chapters. After giving an introduction that explains the importance of analysis instruments and their applications in a wide range of industries, the book turns to sampling systems for gases and liquids. The next chapter focuses on instruments for measuring density and specific gravity of liquid, such as static-pressure-operated mechanisms (for example, gas purge systems), weighing tube types, buoyancy types, recording hydrometers, totally immersed displacer types, and acoustic resonance types. Measurements employing nuclear techniques such as radio-isotopes are then described, along with instruments used to measure Reid vapor pressure, distillation characteristics, pour point, flash point, cloud point, and octane number. Finally, this book discusses instruments used to measure chemical composition and viscosity. The use of non-dispersive infrared analyzers in chemical plants is highlighted. This book will be useful not only for chemists and instrument and chemical engineers, but also for prospective instrument technicians.

Instrument Technology, Volume 3: Telemetering and Automatic Control deals with advances in telemetering instruments used in automatic control of industrial processes. The focus is on instruments used to transmit to a control room an indication of the value of a measured variable, and on instruments and mechanisms used to control process variables. The basic physical principles are discussed and the actual instruments are classified according to the principle upon which they are based. This volume consists of two chapters and begins with an overview of telemetering and pneumatic methods of telemetering. Electrical telemetering systems are described in terms of telemetering by variation of an electrical quantity, balanced bridge systems, and position systems. The second chapter discusses the theory of automatic control and illustrates the automation of temperature control in furnaces. The construction and operation of some of the simple, self-acting process controllers are explained and the more elaborate controllers are described. This monograph will be useful to students and those involved in the craft and science of instrumentation.

Instrument Technology, Volume 1 focuses on the instruments used in the measurement, recording, and control of critical variables in industrial processes. More specifically, measurements of pressure, liquid level in a tank or vessel, flow, and temperature are discussed. Instruments are classified according to the physical principle upon which they are based. The discussion begins by introducing the reader to the system of units of measurement used throughout the text. This topic is followed by four chapters, each dealing largely with the mathematics and physics of the instruments, which are classified according to the decimal system. The first chapter describes the principles on which the measurement of pressure and the transmission of force by a fluid depend. Before considering the actual methods of measuring pressure, the book first explains the difference between absolute and differential pressure. The second chapter discusses how the level of liquid in a tank or vessel is measured using direct methods and pressure-operated types. The third chapter focuses on the measurement of flow using quantity meters and rate-of-flow meters. The final chapter is concerned with temperatures measured on different thermometers and the two fixed points used to compare such measurements: the lower fixed point (ice-point) and the upper fixed point (steam-point). This book is intended for instrument and chemical engineers, as well as for students studying both craftsmen and technician courses.

Instrument Technology, Volume 2: On-Line Analysis Instruments describes a variety of on-line analysis instruments used in measuring the quality of products, including sampling systems for gases and liquids; on-line instruments for ASTM procedures; and instruments for measuring density or specific gravity, humidity, chemical composition, and viscosity. Measurements employing nuclear techniques are also considered. This text is comprised of seven chapters. After giving an introduction that explains the importance of analysis instruments and their applications in a wide range of industries, the book turns to sampling systems for gases and liquids. The next chapter focuses on instruments for measuring density and specific gravity of liquid, such as static-pressure-operated mechanisms (for example, gas purge systems), weighing tube types, buoyancy types, recording hydrometers, totally immersed displacer types, and acoustic resonance types. Measurements employing nuclear techniques such as radio-isotopes are then described, along with instruments used to measure Reid vapor pressure, distillation characteristics, pour point, flash point, cloud point, and octane number. Finally, this book discusses instruments used to measure chemical composition and viscosity. The use of non-dispersive infrared analyzers in chemical plants is highlighted. This book will be useful not only for chemists and instrument and chemical engineers, but also for prospective instrument technicians.