In this compilation, the authors present and discuss various aspects of arrhythmias in endurance competitive and leisure-time sportsmen including master athletes based on their extensive experience and international literature. The value of heart rate monitors for evaluating exercise intensity and for diagnosis of arrhythmias is discussed and standard procedure for dealing with suspected arrhythmias useful both for athletes, their coaches or doctors is proposed.Next, the authors focus on recent literature data related to the role of endothelial nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Nitric oxide is a free radical which, in reactions with various molecules, causes multiple biological effects. It is exceptionally regulated and extends to almost every cell type and function within circulation.Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of stroke and is treated with either carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). In this collection, several types of imaging study have been used to identify complications related to in-stent restenosis, including Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.The authors go on to discuss some recent randomized studies that compared different d rug-eluting balloon catheters (DEB) with drug-eluting stents (DES) used to treat BMS- in-stent restenosis or DES- in-stent restenosis, and the long-term clinical results of those studies. Evidence from controlled clinical studies has suggested that DES and drug-eluting balloon catheters (DEB) provide the best clinical and angiographic results in the treatment of ISR.Following this, the dynamics of the conformation changes in the subdomains of the NC1 hexamer under the influence of sound frequencies distressing them was studied in gelatin (film) and collagen (cardiac aorta/veins endothelium) obtained from pork, using the gravitation mass spectroscopy method (GMS).Continuing, most coronary events are caused by significant stenoses or vulnerable plaques. Recent studies have shown that significant stenoses and vulnerable plaques often coexist. The basic concept that underlies these entities is increased plaque volume. Additionally, recent evidence shows that coronary calcium score and fractional flow reserve are the most accurate methods to assess increased plaque volume, and therefore, have high prognostic value.The main goal of the subsequent study is the application of an immunohistochemistry technique in order to diagnose myocardial ischemia in early stages with a better confidence rate. Sudden cardiac death cases were selected and their findings were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. The study focuses on the evolution and location of fibronectin in the ischemic cardiomyocytes during process of infarction and remodeling of cardiac scars.Lastly, the authors investigate the incidence of very late in-stent restenosis and risk factors for very late target lesion revascularization (TLR) in patients with sirolimus-eluting stent (SES). Very late SES-TLR was associated with history of hemodialysis and previous PCI with SES for ISR lesion.

The opening chapter of Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 16 discusses the functions of the internal jugular veins, particularly how they are usually valveless except for a single valve situated just above the junction of the vein with the brachiocephalic vein. Additionally, the authors assess the frequency, nature, duration and significance of cardiovascular disorders associated with rotavirus infection in the human body. A careful analysis of electrocardiograms and other diagnostic tools is included with the goal of helping to early identify high risk beta-thalassemia major patients for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The authors also examine the coronary vasospasm as a potential risk for thrombus formation in patients with drug-eluting stents implantation by showing several clinical studies and case reports in terms of mechanism and prevention. Following this, an overview of the structure of smooth muscle cells and their main functions in the human umbilical artery is presented. The anatomy and physiology of venous outflow from the brain is described. Since physical effects play an important role in regulating this outflow, it is important to present some basic physical principles governing the flow in the tubes. Moreover, the authors review a transgenic mouse model to study its genetic contribution to Moyamoya syndrome, a cerebrovascular condition defined by the chronic progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their major branches, as well as describe a recently developed surgical model. The closing chapter posits that it would be beneficial to describe the difficulties and challenges that occur during the implantation of permanent biventricular defibrillating systems in cases of Superior Vena Cava is Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.

Atrial fibrillation is initiated by triggers in combination with underlying atrial substrate. Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 17 discusses how innovations in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques, especially late gadolinium enhancement imaging, have advanced our ability to better understand and accurately identify fibrosis in the atrial myocardium of atrial fibrillation patients. According to the nephron number hypothesis, individuals born with kidneys with fewer nephrons would be at increased risk for hypertension and renal disease later in life. Evidence supporting a role for preterm birth itself as a programming risk factor come from observations demonstrating that the degree of prematurity impacts the severity of hypertension or renal dysfunction observed later in life, indicating a dose-response effect of preterm birth. As such, the authors review this effect in the context of consequences for the mother after pregnancy as well as individuals born during premature labor. This compilation goes on to discuss venous thromboembolism, a spectrum of disease that includes both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism affects 950,000 patients every year and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare clinical entity resulting in partial or complete duodenal obstruction due to compression of the third part of the duodenum. Symptoms will vary depending on the severity, but can be very debilitating. The authors discuss the diagnosis of this rare condition, as well as treatment options. Next, the surgical anatomy of the superior mesenteric artery is schematized through a subdivision in three segments, each with a different method for surgical dissection, for a better understanding of its surgical anatomy. The final chapter focuses on the current development of zebrafish models for the screening for cardiotoxic and cardioprotective agents. The administration of endocrine disruptors, cigarette smoke, acrylamide, phthalates and phosphate, heavy metals, inoculation infectious agent, alcohol, surgery and laser light radiations are the major cause of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 18 opens with a chapter reviewing the literature regarding the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and iloprost treatment, either alone or in combination, on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ductus arteriosus is a fetal circulatory pathway which helps to redirect blood flow to the placenta in the fetus and spontaneously closes shortly after birth. The clinical and laboratory features of isolated patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed, along with indications for closure, methods of closure, and results. The authors briefly summarize the unique and role of chloride in the treatment of cardiovascular patients, particularly heart failure patients, and present a series of case vignettes of cardiovascular patients undergoing practical use of this agent. Next, the timing of symptomatic infarct swelling after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment is evaluated. To carry out this evaluation, 14,868 patients with acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed from a stroke registry data-bank. An additional study assesses whether serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after receiving intravenous thrombolysis. The coronary characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke are also studied by way of coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 349 patients with stroke and 349 age- and sex-matched patients without stroke. The coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque between the groups are compared. This compilation also studies subclinical coronary artery disease in low to intermediate risk patients through coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 744 patients, measuring the coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque. The coronary characteristics in patients with chronic kidney disease are similarly examined. The concluding study evaluates the impact of intermittent fasting on cerebrovascular disease, revealing differences in stroke patterns during Ramadan between the fasting and non-fasting groups.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 19 studies the binding capabilities of cariprazine, clozapine, risperidone, olazapine, quentiapine, ziprazidone, aripirazole, haloperidol, blonanserin, iloperidone, eticlopride, amisulpride and nemonapride. The comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level mechanisms of drug-induced side effects associated with cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance for the effective management of schizophrenia. Thoracic aortic surgery has undergone major changes in the last two decades, resulting in more favourable short- and long-term outcomes. Better understanding of underlying pathologies, re-definition of guidelines and classifications, and the evolution of diagnostics, intraoperative techniques, postoperative care and post-discharge outpatient follow-up have collectively contributed to this success. The authors summarize the cornerstones of this evolvement. The various features of the different systems and devices for complete closure of the patent foramen ovale tunnel are described, highlighting findings that are useful for interventional cardiologists. Lastly, the inter-core laboratory variability of qualitative comparative analysis parameters is assessed in comparison to the intra-core laboratory variability in a randomized controlled trial evaluating drug-eluting stents.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 20 first explores preventive cardiology, a new subspecialty in cardiovascular medicine, discussing how it is possible to modify lifestyle and coronary risk factors well in advance of clinical events. The authors describes an approach to echocardiography of the aortic arch for reliable demonstration of the arch segments while reducing confounding from a patent ductus arteriosus. This compilation goes on to discuss intravascular ultrasound, which complements the conventional angiographic study and allows for the acquirement of high-definition images of arteries for the evaluation of atheroma plaques. Additionally, a brief presentation of the X-ray angiography image processing methods is provided. The perioperative use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery, specifically its role in early extubation, delirium management, and reducing morbidity is assessed. Evidence-based treatments for secondary prevention of ischemic heart diseases are described, including the use of antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, as well as lifestyle modifications. The authors propose that the assessment of renal function in patients with heart failure is very important because it can reflect their hemodynamic status and provide a better prognostic score. The authors describe some of the common drug-related problems in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as their consequences, so as to identify patients who may be at risk and review several interventions designed to limit their occurrence. The closing study discusses how, to further evaluate for an aortic dissection, additional official radiologic studies likely need to be obtained to aid in diagnosis and operative planning.

This monograph comprises seven chapters, each detailing recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research. Chapter One describes the various benefits that progesterone has on the cardiovascular system. Chapter Two aims to describe congenital heart disease in well-characterized syndromes and update the possible causes of genetic origin. Chapter Three aims to update and review the hemodynamic evaluation and percutaneous intervention in congenital heart disease. Chapter Four is focused on the evaluation and treatment of intermediate coronary plaque. Chapter Five presents a review of the literature on the field of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and analyzes several factors regarding the management of such cases. Chapter Six aims to identify predictors of the vulnerability and assessment in dynamics of the morphology of coronary plaques in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Finally, Chapter Seven reports on the case of a patient with rheumatic heart disease who underwent double valve replacement and incidentally was diagnosed with emphysematous pyelonephritis during his post-operative course in the hospital.

This volume includes five chapters that present recent updates in cardiovascular research from around the world. Chapter One discusses how histamine is transported from the gut via the bloodstream to the heart and puts forward novel evidence that histamine can be produced in the heart itself. Chapter Two provides an analytical comparison of induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiosphere-derived cells commonly used for clinical cardiac applications. Chapter Three compares outcomes of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation with those who underwent sutureless aortic valve replacement. Chapter Four analyzes changes in electrocardiogram leads, reflecting manifestation and development of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia. Lastly, Chapter Five reviews existing and upcoming cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques to evaluate systemic and pulmonary impedance in healthy individuals and cardiovascular disease states.

This volume includes five chapters that detail recent updates in cardiovascular research from around the world. Chapter One analyzes the relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Chapter Two examines arterial stiffness in arteriosclerotic development from the point of view of fluid dynamics. Chapter Three describes the use of short-term mechanical circulatory support devices for patients in critical condition who are waiting for heart transplantation. Chapter Four discusses the etiologies, pathophysiology, and management of ventricular tachycardia. Lastly, Chapter Five deals with strategies for managing vascular injuries during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomies.

This volume contains nine selected chapters focused on cardiovascular research. Chapter One reviews processes for aortic remodeling after endovascular aortic repair procedures. Chapter Two seeks to study mechanisms of influence of differentiated massage in dorsopathy by the application of heart rhythm variability. Chapter Three provides a review of the anesthesiologic management of endovascular aortic repair. Chapter Four examines the influence of Zhong Yuan Qigong practice on the adaptive mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Chapter Five relates the function of the myocardial sleeve over the pulmonary vein to cardiac arrhythmias. Chapter Six reviews bioactive peptides from their research to their use in cardiovascular therapy. Chapter Seven explores the role of microRNAs in pulmonary hypertension. Chapter Eight discusses the benefits and limitations of fibrinolytic therapy. Chapter Nine is a review of the use of the CARDIOSIM© Cardiovascular software simulator for the study of ECMO support and mechanical ventilation interaction.

This volume includes ten chapters that detail recent advancements in cardiovascular research. Chapter One explains atherosclerotic plaques and how the complement system plays a critical role during its formation. Chapter Two elaborates on the role of cardiac magnetic resonance in assessing the degree of Aortic stenosis and cardiac function. Chapter Three discusses the strong association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Chapter Four reviews the benefit of using a palliative care intervention in patients with heart failure. Chapter Five investigates cognitive function in patients that have had coronary artery bypass grafting. Chapter Six proposes treatment and a method for rapid and operational monitoring of the state of the heart muscle at the molecular level. Chapter Seven discusses atrial septal defects. Chapter Eight explains the correlation between the conformations of nucleosomes in the solenoid of the chromosomes of SA cells and the conformations of the NC1 domain in the collagen of these cells. Chapter Nine presents a clinically feasible temporary aortic valve. Lastly, Chapter Ten introduces the current scientific findings of acupuncture as an effective treatment in controlling blood pressure.

In this compilation, the authors present and discuss various aspects of arrhythmias in endurance competitive and leisure-time sportsmen including master athletes based on their extensive experience and international literature. The value of heart rate monitors for evaluating exercise intensity and for diagnosis of arrhythmias is discussed and standard procedure for dealing with suspected arrhythmias useful both for athletes, their coaches or doctors is proposed.Next, the authors focus on recent literature data related to the role of endothelial nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Nitric oxide is a free radical which, in reactions with various molecules, causes multiple biological effects. It is exceptionally regulated and extends to almost every cell type and function within circulation.Extracranial carotid artery stenosis is a major cause of stroke and is treated with either carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS). In this collection, several types of imaging study have been used to identify complications related to in-stent restenosis, including Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and optical coherence tomography.The authors go on to discuss some recent randomized studies that compared different d rug-eluting balloon catheters (DEB) with drug-eluting stents (DES) used to treat BMS- in-stent restenosis or DES- in-stent restenosis, and the long-term clinical results of those studies. Evidence from controlled clinical studies has suggested that DES and drug-eluting balloon catheters (DEB) provide the best clinical and angiographic results in the treatment of ISR.Following this, the dynamics of the conformation changes in the subdomains of the NC1 hexamer under the influence of sound frequencies distressing them was studied in gelatin (film) and collagen (cardiac aorta/veins endothelium) obtained from pork, using the gravitation mass spectroscopy method (GMS).Continuing, most coronary events are caused by significant stenoses or vulnerable plaques. Recent studies have shown that significant stenoses and vulnerable plaques often coexist. The basic concept that underlies these entities is increased plaque volume. Additionally, recent evidence shows that coronary calcium score and fractional flow reserve are the most accurate methods to assess increased plaque volume, and therefore, have high prognostic value.The main goal of the subsequent study is the application of an immunohistochemistry technique in order to diagnose myocardial ischemia in early stages with a better confidence rate. Sudden cardiac death cases were selected and their findings were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. The study focuses on the evolution and location of fibronectin in the ischemic cardiomyocytes during process of infarction and remodeling of cardiac scars.Lastly, the authors investigate the incidence of very late in-stent restenosis and risk factors for very late target lesion revascularization (TLR) in patients with sirolimus-eluting stent (SES). Very late SES-TLR was associated with history of hemodialysis and previous PCI with SES for ISR lesion.

The opening chapter of Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 16 discusses the functions of the internal jugular veins, particularly how they are usually valveless except for a single valve situated just above the junction of the vein with the brachiocephalic vein. Additionally, the authors assess the frequency, nature, duration and significance of cardiovascular disorders associated with rotavirus infection in the human body. A careful analysis of electrocardiograms and other diagnostic tools is included with the goal of helping to early identify high risk beta-thalassemia major patients for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The authors also examine the coronary vasospasm as a potential risk for thrombus formation in patients with drug-eluting stents implantation by showing several clinical studies and case reports in terms of mechanism and prevention. Following this, an overview of the structure of smooth muscle cells and their main functions in the human umbilical artery is presented. The anatomy and physiology of venous outflow from the brain is described. Since physical effects play an important role in regulating this outflow, it is important to present some basic physical principles governing the flow in the tubes. Moreover, the authors review a transgenic mouse model to study its genetic contribution to Moyamoya syndrome, a cerebrovascular condition defined by the chronic progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries and their major branches, as well as describe a recently developed surgical model. The closing chapter posits that it would be beneficial to describe the difficulties and challenges that occur during the implantation of permanent biventricular defibrillating systems in cases of Superior Vena Cava is Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.

Atrial fibrillation is initiated by triggers in combination with underlying atrial substrate. Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 17 discusses how innovations in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques, especially late gadolinium enhancement imaging, have advanced our ability to better understand and accurately identify fibrosis in the atrial myocardium of atrial fibrillation patients. According to the nephron number hypothesis, individuals born with kidneys with fewer nephrons would be at increased risk for hypertension and renal disease later in life. Evidence supporting a role for preterm birth itself as a programming risk factor come from observations demonstrating that the degree of prematurity impacts the severity of hypertension or renal dysfunction observed later in life, indicating a dose-response effect of preterm birth. As such, the authors review this effect in the context of consequences for the mother after pregnancy as well as individuals born during premature labor. This compilation goes on to discuss venous thromboembolism, a spectrum of disease that includes both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism affects 950,000 patients every year and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare clinical entity resulting in partial or complete duodenal obstruction due to compression of the third part of the duodenum. Symptoms will vary depending on the severity, but can be very debilitating. The authors discuss the diagnosis of this rare condition, as well as treatment options. Next, the surgical anatomy of the superior mesenteric artery is schematized through a subdivision in three segments, each with a different method for surgical dissection, for a better understanding of its surgical anatomy. The final chapter focuses on the current development of zebrafish models for the screening for cardiotoxic and cardioprotective agents. The administration of endocrine disruptors, cigarette smoke, acrylamide, phthalates and phosphate, heavy metals, inoculation infectious agent, alcohol, surgery and laser light radiations are the major cause of cardiotoxicity in zebrafish.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 18 opens with a chapter reviewing the literature regarding the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and iloprost treatment, either alone or in combination, on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ductus arteriosus is a fetal circulatory pathway which helps to redirect blood flow to the placenta in the fetus and spontaneously closes shortly after birth. The clinical and laboratory features of isolated patent ductus arteriosus are reviewed, along with indications for closure, methods of closure, and results. The authors briefly summarize the unique and role of chloride in the treatment of cardiovascular patients, particularly heart failure patients, and present a series of case vignettes of cardiovascular patients undergoing practical use of this agent. Next, the timing of symptomatic infarct swelling after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment is evaluated. To carry out this evaluation, 14,868 patients with acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively analyzed from a stroke registry data-bank. An additional study assesses whether serum lipid levels are associated with the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and functional outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke after receiving intravenous thrombolysis. The coronary characteristics of patients with ischemic stroke are also studied by way of coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 349 patients with stroke and 349 age- and sex-matched patients without stroke. The coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque between the groups are compared. This compilation also studies subclinical coronary artery disease in low to intermediate risk patients through coronary computed tomographic angiographies carried out in 744 patients, measuring the coronary calcium scores and the prevalence of significant stenosis and high-risk plaque. The coronary characteristics in patients with chronic kidney disease are similarly examined. The concluding study evaluates the impact of intermittent fasting on cerebrovascular disease, revealing differences in stroke patterns during Ramadan between the fasting and non-fasting groups.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 19 studies the binding capabilities of cariprazine, clozapine, risperidone, olazapine, quentiapine, ziprazidone, aripirazole, haloperidol, blonanserin, iloperidone, eticlopride, amisulpride and nemonapride. The comprehensive understanding of the molecular-level mechanisms of drug-induced side effects associated with cardiovascular diseases is of paramount importance for the effective management of schizophrenia. Thoracic aortic surgery has undergone major changes in the last two decades, resulting in more favourable short- and long-term outcomes. Better understanding of underlying pathologies, re-definition of guidelines and classifications, and the evolution of diagnostics, intraoperative techniques, postoperative care and post-discharge outpatient follow-up have collectively contributed to this success. The authors summarize the cornerstones of this evolvement. The various features of the different systems and devices for complete closure of the patent foramen ovale tunnel are described, highlighting findings that are useful for interventional cardiologists. Lastly, the inter-core laboratory variability of qualitative comparative analysis parameters is assessed in comparison to the intra-core laboratory variability in a randomized controlled trial evaluating drug-eluting stents.

Horizons in World Cardiovascular Research. Volume 20 first explores preventive cardiology, a new subspecialty in cardiovascular medicine, discussing how it is possible to modify lifestyle and coronary risk factors well in advance of clinical events. The authors describes an approach to echocardiography of the aortic arch for reliable demonstration of the arch segments while reducing confounding from a patent ductus arteriosus. This compilation goes on to discuss intravascular ultrasound, which complements the conventional angiographic study and allows for the acquirement of high-definition images of arteries for the evaluation of atheroma plaques. Additionally, a brief presentation of the X-ray angiography image processing methods is provided. The perioperative use of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery, specifically its role in early extubation, delirium management, and reducing morbidity is assessed. Evidence-based treatments for secondary prevention of ischemic heart diseases are described, including the use of antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins, as well as lifestyle modifications. The authors propose that the assessment of renal function in patients with heart failure is very important because it can reflect their hemodynamic status and provide a better prognostic score. The authors describe some of the common drug-related problems in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as their consequences, so as to identify patients who may be at risk and review several interventions designed to limit their occurrence. The closing study discusses how, to further evaluate for an aortic dissection, additional official radiologic studies likely need to be obtained to aid in diagnosis and operative planning.

This monograph comprises seven chapters, each detailing recent advancements in the field of cardiovascular research. Chapter One describes the various benefits that progesterone has on the cardiovascular system. Chapter Two aims to describe congenital heart disease in well-characterized syndromes and update the possible causes of genetic origin. Chapter Three aims to update and review the hemodynamic evaluation and percutaneous intervention in congenital heart disease. Chapter Four is focused on the evaluation and treatment of intermediate coronary plaque. Chapter Five presents a review of the literature on the field of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and analyzes several factors regarding the management of such cases. Chapter Six aims to identify predictors of the vulnerability and assessment in dynamics of the morphology of coronary plaques in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Finally, Chapter Seven reports on the case of a patient with rheumatic heart disease who underwent double valve replacement and incidentally was diagnosed with emphysematous pyelonephritis during his post-operative course in the hospital.

This volume includes five chapters that present recent updates in cardiovascular research from around the world. Chapter One discusses how histamine is transported from the gut via the bloodstream to the heart and puts forward novel evidence that histamine can be produced in the heart itself. Chapter Two provides an analytical comparison of induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cardiosphere-derived cells commonly used for clinical cardiac applications. Chapter Three compares outcomes of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation with those who underwent sutureless aortic valve replacement. Chapter Four analyzes changes in electrocardiogram leads, reflecting manifestation and development of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia. Lastly, Chapter Five reviews existing and upcoming cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques to evaluate systemic and pulmonary impedance in healthy individuals and cardiovascular disease states.

This volume includes five chapters that detail recent updates in cardiovascular research from around the world. Chapter One analyzes the relationship between arterial stiffness and diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Chapter Two examines arterial stiffness in arteriosclerotic development from the point of view of fluid dynamics. Chapter Three describes the use of short-term mechanical circulatory support devices for patients in critical condition who are waiting for heart transplantation. Chapter Four discusses the etiologies, pathophysiology, and management of ventricular tachycardia. Lastly, Chapter Five deals with strategies for managing vascular injuries during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomies.

This volume contains nine selected chapters focused on cardiovascular research. Chapter One reviews processes for aortic remodeling after endovascular aortic repair procedures. Chapter Two seeks to study mechanisms of influence of differentiated massage in dorsopathy by the application of heart rhythm variability. Chapter Three provides a review of the anesthesiologic management of endovascular aortic repair. Chapter Four examines the influence of Zhong Yuan Qigong practice on the adaptive mechanisms of the cardiovascular system. Chapter Five relates the function of the myocardial sleeve over the pulmonary vein to cardiac arrhythmias. Chapter Six reviews bioactive peptides from their research to their use in cardiovascular therapy. Chapter Seven explores the role of microRNAs in pulmonary hypertension. Chapter Eight discusses the benefits and limitations of fibrinolytic therapy. Chapter Nine is a review of the use of the CARDIOSIM© Cardiovascular software simulator for the study of ECMO support and mechanical ventilation interaction.

This volume includes ten chapters that detail recent advancements in cardiovascular research. Chapter One explains atherosclerotic plaques and how the complement system plays a critical role during its formation. Chapter Two elaborates on the role of cardiac magnetic resonance in assessing the degree of Aortic stenosis and cardiac function. Chapter Three discusses the strong association between cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease. Chapter Four reviews the benefit of using a palliative care intervention in patients with heart failure. Chapter Five investigates cognitive function in patients that have had coronary artery bypass grafting. Chapter Six proposes treatment and a method for rapid and operational monitoring of the state of the heart muscle at the molecular level. Chapter Seven discusses atrial septal defects. Chapter Eight explains the correlation between the conformations of nucleosomes in the solenoid of the chromosomes of SA cells and the conformations of the NC1 domain in the collagen of these cells. Chapter Nine presents a clinically feasible temporary aortic valve. Lastly, Chapter Ten introduces the current scientific findings of acupuncture as an effective treatment in controlling blood pressure.