Emeka Godfrey Nwoba – författare

This six volume book set examines a range of topics and applications related to biotechnology. Volumes include fermentation and algal biotechnologies; agricultural biotechnology; medical biotechnology, biopharmaceutics; biosafety, bioethics, biotechnology policy; microbiomes; bioenergy and environmental biotechnology for sustainable development. The topics address significant aspects of the dairy and fermented foods; crop genetics, breeding and genomics; microalgae and novel products; molecular diagnostics and DNA forensics; biosafety, bioethics and legal issues in biotechnology; biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and engagement with stakeholders; medical and pharmaceutical biotechnology; omics and bioinformatics; waste recycling, biofuels and environmental remediation; animal genetics, breeding and genomics; genetic resources conservation and utilization; medicinal and underutilized plants; medical insect biotechnology, genomics and molecular genetics of pests; microbiomes and microbial biotechnology; biotechnology education and curriculum development; and water and waste water research. Volumes include: I: Fermentation and Algal Biotechnologies for the Food, Beverage and other Bioproduct Industries II: Agricultural Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Bio-resources Conservation and Utilization III: Medical Biotechnology, Biopharmaceutics, Forensic Science and Bioinformatics IV: Biosafety and Bioethics in Biotechnology: Policy, Advocacy, and Capacity Building V: Microbiomes and Emerging Applications VI: Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology for Sustainable Development The book is a timely knowledge product that documents key issues on advances in biotechnology for use by a variety of readers including postgraduate students, professionals in the field, policy makers, science advocacy groups.

This book covers a range of important topics on dairy and fermented foods and microalgae biotechnologies for food, beverage and bioproduct industries. The topics range from traditionally fermented African foods, fermentation technologies for large-scale industrial enzyme production to microalgae cultivation and nutraceuticals in Africa, etc. The editors provide detailed information on approaches towards harnessing indigenous bioresources for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the field of dairy and food biotechnology, fermentation technology, enzyme biotechnology, algal biotechnology and cultivation systems, biofuels and other bioproducts from algal biomass and underutilized and novel African food sources. Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnologies that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through fermentation technologies applicable to traditional African indigenous and underutilized novel foods, algal biotechnology and value-added bioproducts Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bioresources including microalgae for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery Introduces new frontiers in the area of large-scale enzyme production using fermentation biotechnologies and their applications in the food and beverage industries Discusses current biotechnologies applicable in the food, beverage and bioproduct industriesJames Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Sylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria. Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics in biotechnology policy, advocacy and education, bioethics, biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms and gene-edited products and biotechnology manpower development. Throughout the book, the contributors review biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas. They also discuss the importance of current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makers. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the fields of food and agricultural biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals and medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, biotechnology policy and advocacy, biotechnology communication and manpower development, biosafety and bioethics, etc. Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnology that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through the deployment of the technology in Nigeria Provides detailed information on how to domesticate biotechnology and boost training of the biotechnology workforce in the universities and research institutes Introduces new frontiers in the area of organizing informal biotechnology capacity building courses and professional certification Reviews biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas Discusses current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makersSylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.Arinze Stanley Okoli, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at Genoek – Centre for Biosafety, Universitetet II, Breivika, Tromsoe, Norway.Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech, Inc. and ABINL.Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is currently at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.Christpeace Nwagbo Ezebuiro, Ph.D., is a Project Manager, Renewable Energy Expert and Head of Clean Technology Division at the National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and the Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria. Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics on environmental remediation, biofuels and value-added microbial products for environmental clean-up, water and wastewater recycling and sustainable wastewater treatment using microalgae. Designed to document advances in biotechnology, this book highlights bio-resource utilization in fostering low-carbon renewable energy-based economies and provides new insights into chlorine disinfectant usage in water treatment, wastewater treatment using microalgae, etc. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers in the fields of microbial biotechnology and bioremediation, environmental biotechnology and sustainable development, climate change mitigation, provision of safe water and sustainable wastewater recycling. Emphasizes recent advances in bioremediation techniques towards environmental sustainability Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bio-resources including microorganisms as bioenhancement agents for environmental remediation Introduces new frontiers in the area of wastewater treatment using microalgae — important for sustainability and water safety Reviews biotechniques that could enhance higher levels of sustainability in heavily polluted environments and also provides an intelligent monitoring system for waste recycling and environmental remediation, and fostering a low-carbon renewable energy–based bioeconomy Discusses the need for review of existing guidelines on chlorine disinfectant usage for enhanced water qualityAkinola Rasheed Popoola, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Pathology and the Director of the Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria. Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and an Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics on dairy and fermented foods and microalgae biotechnologies for food, beverage and bioproduct industries. The topics range from traditionally fermented African foods, fermentation technologies for large-scale industrial enzyme production to microalgae cultivation and nutraceuticals in Africa, etc. The editors provide detailed information on approaches towards harnessing indigenous bioresources for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the field of dairy and food biotechnology, fermentation technology, enzyme biotechnology, algal biotechnology and cultivation systems, biofuels and other bioproducts from algal biomass and underutilized and novel African food sources.

Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnologies that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through fermentation technologies applicable to traditional African indigenous and underutilized novel foods, algal biotechnology and value-added bioproducts

Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bioresources including microalgae for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery

Introduces new frontiers in the area of large-scale enzyme production using fermentation biotechnologies and their applications in the food and beverage industries

Discusses current biotechnologies applicable in the food, beverage and bioproduct industries

James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Sylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria.

Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics on dairy and fermented foods and microalgae biotechnologies for food, beverage and bioproduct industries. The topics range from traditionally fermented African foods, fermentation technologies for large-scale industrial enzyme production to microalgae cultivation and nutraceuticals in Africa, etc. The editors provide detailed information on approaches towards harnessing indigenous bioresources for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the field of dairy and food biotechnology, fermentation technology, enzyme biotechnology, algal biotechnology and cultivation systems, biofuels and other bioproducts from algal biomass and underutilized and novel African food sources.

Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnologies that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through fermentation technologies applicable to traditional African indigenous and underutilized novel foods, algal biotechnology and value-added bioproducts

Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bioresources including microalgae for food and nutrition security, climate change adaptation, industrial enzyme production, environmental remediation and healthcare delivery

Introduces new frontiers in the area of large-scale enzyme production using fermentation biotechnologies and their applications in the food and beverage industries

Discusses current biotechnologies applicable in the food, beverage and bioproduct industries

James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Sylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria.

Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA), and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics in biotechnology policy, advocacy and education, bioethics, biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms and gene-edited products and biotechnology manpower development. Throughout the book, the contributors review biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas. They also discuss the importance of current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makers. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the fields of food and agricultural biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals and medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, biotechnology policy and advocacy, biotechnology communication and manpower development, biosafety and bioethics, etc.

Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnology that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through the deployment of the technology in Nigeria

Provides detailed information on how to domesticate biotechnology and boost training of the biotechnology workforce in the universities and research institutes

Introduces new frontiers in the area of organizing informal biotechnology capacity building courses and professional certification

Reviews biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas

Discusses current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makers

Sylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Arinze Stanley Okoli, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at Genoek – Centre for Biosafety, Universitetet II, Breivika, Tromsoe, Norway.

Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech, Inc. and ABINL.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is currently at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Christpeace Nwagbo Ezebuiro, Ph.D., is a Project Manager, Renewable Energy Expert and Head of Clean Technology Division at the National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and the Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics in biotechnology policy, advocacy and education, bioethics, biosafety regulations for genetically modified organisms and gene-edited products and biotechnology manpower development. Throughout the book, the contributors review biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas. They also discuss the importance of current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makers. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers working in the fields of food and agricultural biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals and medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, biotechnology policy and advocacy, biotechnology communication and manpower development, biosafety and bioethics, etc.

Emphasizes recent advances in biotechnology that could ameliorate the high-level global food insecurity through the deployment of the technology in Nigeria

Provides detailed information on how to domesticate biotechnology and boost training of the biotechnology workforce in the universities and research institutes

Introduces new frontiers in the area of organizing informal biotechnology capacity building courses and professional certification

Reviews biosafety and bioethical guidelines that could enhance adoption of biotechnology in alignment with national priorities and research agendas

Discusses current biotechnology policy advocacy, enlightenment and public engagement with stakeholders and policy makers

Sylvia Uzochukwu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Director, Biotechnology Centre, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Arinze Stanley Okoli, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at Genoek – Centre for Biosafety, Universitetet II, Breivika, Tromsoe, Norway.

Nwadiuto (Diuoto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech, Inc. and ABINL.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is currently at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

Christpeace Nwagbo Ezebuiro, Ph.D., is a Project Manager, Renewable Energy Expert and Head of Clean Technology Division at the National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and the Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University Uzairue, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics on environmental remediation, biofuels and value-added microbial products for environmental clean-up, water and wastewater recycling and sustainable wastewater treatment using microalgae. Designed to document advances in biotechnology, this book highlights bio-resource utilization in fostering low-carbon renewable energy-based economies and provides new insights into chlorine disinfectant usage in water treatment, wastewater treatment using microalgae, etc. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers in the fields of microbial biotechnology and bioremediation, environmental biotechnology and sustainable development, climate change mitigation, provision of safe water and sustainable wastewater recycling.

Emphasizes recent advances in bioremediation techniques towards environmental sustainability

Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bio-resources including microorganisms as bioenhancement agents for environmental remediation

Introduces new frontiers in the area of wastewater treatment using microalgae — important for sustainability and water safety

Reviews biotechniques that could enhance higher levels of sustainability in heavily polluted environments and also provides an intelligent monitoring system for waste recycling and environmental remediation, and fostering a low-carbon renewable energy–based bioeconomy

Discusses the need for review of existing guidelines on chlorine disinfectant usage for enhanced water quality

Akinola Rasheed Popoola, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Pathology and the Director of the Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria.

Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and an Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

This book covers a range of important topics on environmental remediation, biofuels and value-added microbial products for environmental clean-up, water and wastewater recycling and sustainable wastewater treatment using microalgae. Designed to document advances in biotechnology, this book highlights bio-resource utilization in fostering low-carbon renewable energy-based economies and provides new insights into chlorine disinfectant usage in water treatment, wastewater treatment using microalgae, etc. The book will be useful reference material for scientists and researchers in the fields of microbial biotechnology and bioremediation, environmental biotechnology and sustainable development, climate change mitigation, provision of safe water and sustainable wastewater recycling.

Emphasizes recent advances in bioremediation techniques towards environmental sustainability

Provides detailed information on how to harness indigenous bio-resources including microorganisms as bioenhancement agents for environmental remediation

Introduces new frontiers in the area of wastewater treatment using microalgae — important for sustainability and water safety

Reviews biotechniques that could enhance higher levels of sustainability in heavily polluted environments and also provides an intelligent monitoring system for waste recycling and environmental remediation, and fostering a low-carbon renewable energy–based bioeconomy

Discusses the need for review of existing guidelines on chlorine disinfectant usage for enhanced water quality

Akinola Rasheed Popoola, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Pathology and the Director of the Biotechnology Centre, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Emeka Godfrey Nwoba, Ph.D., is a research scholar at the Algae Research & Development Centre, Murdoch University, Western Australia.

James Chukwuma Ogbonna, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology and Director, National Biotechnology Development Agency, South East Zonal Biotechnology Centre, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.

Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology, and Director of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, Edo State University, Uzairue, Nigeria.

Nwadiuto (Diuto) Esiobu, Ph.D., is a Professor of Microbiology and Biotechnology at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, and the President and Founder of Applied Biotech Inc. and ABINL, Abuja, Nigeria.

Abdulrazak B. Ibrahim, Ph.D., is a Capacity Development Expert at the Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) and an Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Benjamin Ewa Ubi, Ph.D., is a Professor of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology and Director, Biotechnology Research and Development Centre, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.