Emile A. Okal – författare

After a relatively quiet 28-year period following the 1964 Alaska earthquake and tsunami, two 1992 earthquakes occurred near Nicaragua and Flores Island, Indonesia. These earthquakes produced highly destructive tsunamis and opened a 25-year period of numerous devastating events, including two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent human history: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra tsunami that killed about 230,000 people and impacted at least 16 countries directly, and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunami that killed almost 20,000 people and destroyed the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. The two 1992 events marked the beginning of a “modern tsunami science era”. The twenty-two papers in this special volume present the frontiers of tsunami science and research, and demonstrate the unprecedented progress achieved during this period. The contributions review historical tsunami events and field surveys, tsunami source models, landslide generated tsunamis, and tsunami numerical modeling. It concludes with contributions studying tsunami hazard assessment and warning, reflecting an everlasting challenge in the context of the advancement of tsunami science and of efforts in mitigation. This book is of interest to scientists and practitioners as well postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering involved in all aspects of tsunamis, from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation, from coastal impacts to hazard assessment, combining recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.Previously published in Pure and Applied Geophysics, Volume 176, Issue 7, 2019

This book presents the frontiers of tsunami science and research and demonstrates the unprecedented progress achieved during this period overviewing different aspect of tsunami science including meteorological tsunamis.The two 1992 events near Nicaragua and Flores Island, Indonesia, marked the beginning of a “modern tsunami science era” producing highly destructive tsunamis and opened a 25-year period of numerous devastating events, including two of the most destructive natural disasters in recent human history: the 26 December 2004 Sumatra and the 11 March 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. The book is of interest to scientists and practitioners as well postgraduate students in geophysics, oceanography and coastal engineering, involved in all aspects of tsunamis, from earthquake source processes to transoceanic wave propagation, from coastal impacts to hazard assessment and combining recent case studies with advances in tsunami science and natural hazards mitigation.

In the wake of the disastrous tsunami which struck Papua New Guinea in 1998, this volume presents 20 state-of-the-art contributions on landslide tsunamis, including earthquake characteristics and ground motions, modeling of landslides in geotechnical engineering, field surveys on land and at sea, simulations of past, present, and potential future tsunamis, and theoretical studies of tsunami generation by landslides.

Tsunamis like the Indian Ocean tsunami caused by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake in 2004 or the Chilean earthquake in the Pacific Ocean in 1960 motivate international collaborations for the development of tsunami warning systems. Since 1960 the Tsunami Commission, established by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, has been holding a biannual International Tsunami Symposium (ITS). This volume contains 20 contributions of leading scientists mostly presented at the 22nd International Tsunami Symposium held in summer 2005 in Greece. Consolidated findings based on hydrophone records, seismometer readings, and tide gauges are presented. Reports of post-tsunami surveys and numerical simulations for tsunamis such as the 2004 Indian Ocean event, as well as geological studies of tsunamis in Japan, Central and North America are given. Probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis and tsunami warning systems, among others, are described as methods to predict tsunamis and mitigate their hazards.