Evandro Agazzi – författare

The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.

The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.

The first part of this book is of an epistemological nature and develops an original theory of scientific objectivity, understood in a weak sense (as intersubjective agreement among the specialists) and a strong sense (as having precise concrete referents). In both cases it relies upon the adoption of operational criteria designed within the particular perspective under which any single science considers reality. The “object” so attained has a proper ontological status, dependent on the specific character of the criteria of reference (regional ontologies). This justifies a form of scientific realism. Such perspectives are also the result of a complex cultural-historical situation. The awareness of such a “historical determinacy” of science justifies including in the philosophy of science the problems of ethics of science, relations of science with metaphysics and social dimensions of science that overstep the traditional restriction of the philosophy of science to an epistemology of science. It is to this “context” that the second part of the book is devoted.

This book offers a comprehensive update on the scientific realism debate, enabling readers to gain a novel appreciation of the role of objectivity and truth in science and to understand fully the various ways in which antirealist conceptions have been subjected to challenge over recent decades. Authoritative representatives of different philosophical traditions explain their perspectives on the meaning and validity of scientific realism and describe the strategies being adopted to counter persisting antirealist positions. The coverage extends beyond the usual discussion of realism within the context of the natural sciences, and especially physics, to encompass also its applicability in mathematics, logic, and the human sciences. The book will appeal to all with an interest in the recent realist epistemologies of science, the nature of current philosophical debate, and the ongoing rehabilitation of truth as the legitimate goal of scientific research.

This book offers a comprehensive update on the scientific realism debate, enabling readers to gain a novel appreciation of the role of objectivity and truth in science and to understand fully the various ways in which antirealist conceptions have been subjected to challenge over recent decades. Authoritative representatives of different philosophical traditions explain their perspectives on the meaning and validity of scientific realism and describe the strategies being adopted to counter persisting antirealist positions. The coverage extends beyond the usual discussion of realism within the context of the natural sciences, and especially physics, to encompass also its applicability in mathematics, logic, and the human sciences. The book will appeal to all with an interest in the recent realist epistemologies of science, the nature of current philosophical debate, and the ongoing rehabilitation of truth as the legitimate goal of scientific research.

Estudio sobre la relación entre ciencia y filosofía a la luz de disciplinas como la física cuántica y la cosmología. Plantea "el estancamiento" de la filosofía analítica, por lo cual es necesaria una "apertura de horizonte" o "comprensión global del universo" con procedimientos analíticos ya indispensables.

Evandro Agazzi hace un recorrido histórico por algunas de las concepciones que se han atisbado sobre la objetividad científica para mostrar que ésta no depende del contexto en un sentido puramente lingüístico, sino también en un sentido histórico. Subraya la importancia de herramientas hermenéuticas en la compresión de las teorías y vindica así la contextualización de la ciencia y la dimensión social de la misma para una filosofía de la ciencia, así como la noción de verdad en el quehacer científico. En 10 capítulos, se muestra cómo la objetividad ha pasado de referenciar las características incuestionables del objeto a centrarse en una perspectiva intersubjetiva. Esta obra es la más representativa del autor, ya que reúne y perfila las contribuciones que había hecho de manera aislada e informal desde la aparición de su primera obra, en 1969, Temi e problemi di filosofia della fisica.

Este volumen corresponde a la investigación filosófica y a la producción académica del autor, relativa a la metafísica principalmente, así como a una reflexión sobre la religión, en especial en sus relaciones con la ciencia.El conocimiento de lo invisible diseña un itinerario que, partiendo de un análisis lógico de la experiencia, va más allá con la intención cognitiva, entrando en el campo de la metafísica y de la trascendencia. Este interés intelectual se resume en lo que, para Evandro, es el carácter específico de la filosofía: la búsqueda del fundamento y del significado. Estos dos conceptos aparecen en sus trabajos ya desde sus primeros ensayos sobre los fundamentos de las matemáticas, la obligación moral, la epistemología de las ciencias psicológicas, los derechos humanos y la esperanza de inmortalidad, que se mezclan de vez en cuando con el problema del sentido rastreable en los distintos niveles de la realidad, y culminan en la búsqueda del sentido de la vida en su totalidad.

Este volumen corresponde a la investigación filosófica y a la producción académica del autor, relativa a la metafísica principalmente, así como a una reflexión sobre la religión, en especial en sus relaciones con la ciencia.El conocimiento de lo invisible diseña un itinerario que, partiendo de un análisis lógico de la experiencia, va más allá con la intención cognitiva, entrando en el campo de la metafísica y de la trascendencia. Este interés intelectual se resume en lo que, para Evandro, es el carácter específico de la filosofía: la búsqueda del fundamento y del significado. Estos dos conceptos aparecen en sus trabajos ya desde sus primeros ensayos sobre los fundamentos de las matemáticas, la obligación moral, la epistemología de las ciencias psicológicas, los derechos humanos y la esperanza de inmortalidad, que se mezclan de vez en cuando con el problema del sentido rastreable en los distintos niveles de la realidad, y culminan en la búsqueda del sentido de la vida en su totalidad.

Epistemology had to come to terms with “the social” on two different occasions. The first was represented by the dispute about the epistemological status of the “social” sciences, and in this case the already well established epistemology of the natural sciences seemed to have the right to dictate the conditions for a discipline to be a science. But the social sciences could successfully vindicate the legitimacy of their specific criteria for scientificity. More recently, the impact of social factors on the construction of our knowledge (including scientific knowledge) has reversed, in a certain sense, the old position and promoted social inquiry to the role of a criterion for evaluating the purport of cognitive (including scientific) statements. But this has undermined the traditional characteristics of objectivity and rigor that seem constitutive of science. Moreover, in order to establish the real extent to which social conditionings have an impact on scientific knowledge one must credit sociology with a sound ground of reliability, and this is not possible without a preliminary “epistemological” assessment. These are some of the topics discussed in this book, both theoretically and with reference to concrete cases.

The unity of science has been a widely discussed issue both in the philosophy of science and within several sciences. Reductionism has often been seen as the means of bringing the different sciences to a fundamental unity by reference to some basic science, but it shows many limitations. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity have also been proposed as methodologies for attaining unity without underestimating the diversity of the sciences.This volume starts with a clarification of the possible meanings of this unity and then discusses the features of the mentioned approaches to unity, evaluating the success and the shortcomings of the unification programme among different sciences and within a single science.