Farah Deeba – författare

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Machine Learning for Medical Reconstruction, MLMIR 2020, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2020, in Lima, Peru, in October 2020. The workshop was held virtually.The 15 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 18 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning for magnetic resonance imaging and deep learning for general image reconstruction.

Biotechnology - the use of biological systems or living organisms in production processes - has a wide range of useful applications in fisheries and aquaculture. Modern biotechnology is already making important contributions and poses significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries development. It perceives that modern biotechnologies should be used as adjuncts to and not as substitutes for conventional technologies in solving problems, and that their application should be need-driven rather than technology-driven. The use of modern biotechnology to enhance production of aquatic species holds great potential not only to meet demand but also to improve aquaculture. Genetic modification and biotechnology also holds tremendous potential to improve the quality and quantity of fish reared in aquaculture. It brings opportunities, for instance, to increase growth rate in farmed species, boost the nutritional value of aquafeeds, improve fish health, help restore and protect environments, extend the range of aquatic species and, improve the management and conservation of wild stocks. This book covers all the aspects of this subject. It is hoped, the book will be found to be of immense value to the students of this subject.

Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish''s body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for furunculosis in farmed salmon and koi herpes virus in koi. The book is important for those involved in aquaculture and those wishing to learn more about the effects of non-infectious disorders and the mechanisms of response within fish and is thoroughly recommended.

Fish culture is a sector of the national economy concerned with breeding fish to increase and improve fish stocks. It includes the raising of fish in natural bodies of water and in artificial ponds. Fish culture in natural waters is concerned with the replenishment and improvement of the fish stocks of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and seas. The increasing impact of man on such waters (water pollution and construction) has impeded or disrupted the natural replenishment of fish stocks. Thus, the rearing of fish, that is, fish-farming, is needed to maintain the existing fish life and to improve an ichthyofauna of minor value. The efficient and profitable production of fish, crustaceans, and other aquatic organisms in aquaculture depends on a suitable environment in which they can reproduce and grow. A large part of the world''s fish culture production relies on the use of freshwater ponds which hold and exchange water, receive fertilizer or feed, and allow for holding, rearing and harvesting of fish. This comprehensive textbook introduces students to the aquaculture industry.

Genomics is genetics writ large, the culmination of rapidly accumulating information about vast numbers of genes and DNA sequences from scores of organisms. The field also includes studies of intragenomic phenomena such as heterosis, epistasis, pleiotropy and other interactions between loci and alleles within the genome. A major branch of genomics is still concerned with sequencing the genomes of various organisms, but the knowledge of full genomes has created the possibility for the field of functional genomics, mainly concerned with patterns of gene expression during various conditions. Pharmacogenomics allows us to identify sources of an individual’s profile of drug response and predict the best possible treatment option for this individual. The use of genomic information has opened new possibilities in drug discovery and development. Genome maps of key agricultural species have offered increased understanding of the structure, organization, and evolution of animal genomes. The objective of this book is to provide guidelines for students to understand the topic.