Frank Beaver – författare

Contemporary independent American and non-American films distributed in the United States have emerged as a distinct system of representation formulated in the expanse between principles of Hollywood popular film and alternative cinematic practices. Cinema & Culture considers independent film as an industry, a set of institutions, a discursive formation, and a specific series of texts. Investigating the consumption side of the spectrum (distribution, reception, textual analysis), attention is focused on narrative films released theatrically in the United States by nonstudio distributors between 1980 and 2001. The category «independent film» is analyzed as the function of multiple, simultaneous, layered, and interacting discourses: representational, institutional, interpretive, and cultural/historical. Under exploration is the extent to which independent film as a distinct cultural formation is able to represent the stories, perspectives, and experiences of a pluralistic, multicultural society.

The long love-hate relationship between the United States and France is a curious one that derives from misconceptions, dissimilar economic imperatives, and genuinely different cultural patterns. Didn’t You Used to Be Depardieu? identifies and analyzes these differences through the contrast of American film remakes and the French originals.

On September 11, 2001, a major part of Manhattan’s skyline vanished. Before the tragic events of that day, New York has been the object of a love-hate relationship with the rest of the country. Its skyline had set the stage for innumerable motion pictures that showed the city at its most brilliant, as well as its most shadowy. Focusing its examination solely on Manhattan, Scenes in the City traces the growth, history, and myths of this legendary borough through some of the films whose significance it inflected.

For the past century African American cinema has primarily been an independent phenomenon. However, recent and consistent inclusion in the mainstream film industry of Hollywood suggests a significant change in its status. Despite a tendency to posit the «genre» as «other» it is not a separate cinema. Contemporary African American cinema contextualizes its forms and themes within the American film tradition. With crossover success and critical acclaim, it became clear by 1991 that profit would be a motive for expansion, and that these films had established profound connections not only with Black audiences and agendas but within a diverse mainstream audience as well. Contemporary African American cinema continues to sustain itself while informing, mediating, challenging, and entertaining American audiences.

This critical study of Mike Leigh’s cinema is a comprehensive assessment of his thirty plus years in film, including his television features, from the first feature-length Bleak Moments to All or Nothing. Through his own species of tragicomedy and favored thematic content concentrating on relationships, Leigh enlarges the emotional boundaries of cinema for performers and audience alike. His deep and fully realized characters often subvert both decorum and irony traditionally associated with British film and television. Leigh’s sense of the reciprocity and interpenetration of the material mundane, the ridiculous, and the humanistic sublime brings respect for the complexity of the ordinary and merits celebration within the democratic and demotic art of film.

Over the past few decades, Italian colonial cinema has proved to be a compelling area to explore artistic productions born during the colonial and fascist periods whose unique ideology shifted from propaganda to fiction. The films produced during the Italian colonial intervention in Africa, which lasted roughly seventy-five years, reflect cinema’s recollection of political beliefs and its aesthetic attention to colonialism while exposing its ideological contradictions. Italian colonial films mirror imperial ideology influenced by a racial hierarchy that was acted upon during the colonization of Africa.This study on images of Italian and African identities displayed in these films today invites viewers to reflect on racially constructed images that speak of justice and loyalty, values that reflect nationalist and patriotic ideals defining but also confining the identities of both Africans and Italians. The films analyzed in this book include Attilio Gatti’s Siliva Zulu (1927); Mario Camerini’s Kif tebbi (1928); Augusto Genina’s Squadrone bianco (1936). To conclude this journey through colonial discourses in Italian cinema, two examples of contemporary cinema given by Bernardo Bertolucci in L’assedio (1998) and Cristina Comencini in Bianco e Nero (2007) expand the study from colonial national and cultural identity to interracial relationships in today’s multiethnic Italy. The representations of African and Italian identities found in these two contemporary films grow into compelling visual documents of a historical connection that does not seem to move forward from its colonial mentality.These films’ analyses are helpful tools for understanding the growing racial intolerance which has been troubling Italian society in the past decade. The need remains crucial to explain the racial component of the relationship between Italy and Africa by looking at the imagery of national and cultural identity found in the films shot in Africa during the Italian expansionist intervention in the 1920s and 1930s.

In the documentary Celluloid Closet (1995), actress Susan Sarandon said films are «important – and they’re dangerous – because we’re the keepers of the dreams.» The visual media hold a powerful sway, influencing attitudes on class, gender, race, and ethnicity, politics, religion, and sexual orientation. Dangerous Dreams: Essays on American Film and Television employs aesthetic, feminist, historical, Marxist, psychoanalytic, semiological, and sociological criticism to explore five decades of film and television texts that have captivated audiences. From Ordinary People (1980) to Shutter Island (2011) and from The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971) to Sex and the City (1998–2004), the study is divided into four sections, each comprised of several essays that explore the effects of narrative and visual texts. Sections include «The Role of Literature in Film and Television», «Portrayals of Race, Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation in Film»; «Portrayals of Race, Ethnicity, and Class in Film and Television»; and «Gender Images in Film and Television». The 16 single-authored essays that comprise Dangerous Dreams celebrate the interconnectivity of film, literature, and television and do not suggest the primacy or superiority of any of these texts, which have in common both a creative process and an immeasurable cultural impact.