The modern development of medicine has been characterized by the grow­ ing use of new technologies in health care delivery and research. As an empirical science, medicine is based on many types and quantities of information to recognize alterations, explore causes and apply cor­ rective action. Dealing with biological objects, signals have to be collected, processed and interpreted to recognize the state of this object. It is therefore understandable that data processing technology and informatics have been employed to a growing extent in medicine. The increasing economic repercussions of modern medicine lead also to the demand of ways and means to assess the system as such and to develop means for evaluation and regulation. However, the application of data processing to the medical field has very often grown in parallel to and remote from the development of in­ formatics and data processing in general. Furthermore, difficulties have occurred resulting from the differing concepts of reasoning, deci­ sion making and methodology. We therefore decided to start a series of seminars with the attempt to bring scientists from both medicine and informatics together to discuss basic principles of informatics and medicine and to attempt a synthesis between the problems in medicine and health care delivery and methods in informatics to approach a solu­ tion of these problems. This volume contains the lecture notes of the first seminar of this type.

Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf einer Untersuchung von etwa 20 Ansatzen zu SOftware-Produktions-Umgebungen, abgekurzt SPUen [Haus81c]. Diese Ergebnisse wurden beeinflusst vom "Symposium on Software Engineering Environments (S2 E2)", das von der GMD im Juni 1980 in Lahnstein veranstaltet wurde [Hunk31]. Die ausgewahlten Systeme (so- wie die Auswahlkriterien) werden im Anhang A kurz beschrieben. Ausserdem enthalt dieser Anhung die im Text verwendeten Abkurzungen fur SPUen und fur jede SPU Literaturhinweise. 1.1 Bedeutung des Begriffs Software-Produkt ions-Umgebung Der Begriff Software-Produkt ions-Umgebung bezeichnet ein instrumentier- tes und organisiertes SOftware-Entwicklungs-Laboratorium, in dem viele Personen arbeiten, um gemeinsam in einem vollstandig organisierten Ar- beitsprozess Software zu entwerfen, zu konstruieren~ zu prufen, zu an- dern und zu warten. Eine SPU bietet software-gestutzte Modelle, Metho- den, Verfthren, Beschreibungsmittel und Werkzeuge fur diese Arbeit. SPUen unterstutzen die Software-Entwicklung und -Anwendung dadurch, dass sie diese Mittel bereitstellen und dadurch dass sie die Handhabung die- ser Mittel festlegen.

The modern development of medicine has been characterized by the grow­ ing use of new technologies in health care delivery and research. As an empirical science, medicine is based on many types and quantities of information to recognize alterations, explore causes and apply cor­ rective action. Dealing with biological objects, signals have to be collected, processed and interpreted to recognize the state of this object. It is therefore understandable that data processing technology and informatics have been employed to a growing extent in medicine. The increasing economic repercussions of modern medicine lead also to the demand of ways and means to assess the system as such and to develop means for evaluation and regulation. However, the application of data processing to the medical field has very often grown in parallel to and remote from the development of in­ formatics and data processing in general. Furthermore, difficulties have occurred resulting from the differing concepts of reasoning, deci­ sion making and methodology. We therefore decided to start a series of seminars with the attempt to bring scientists from both medicine and informatics together to discuss basic principles of informatics and medicine and to attempt a synthesis between the problems in medicine and health care delivery and methods in informatics to approach a solu­ tion of these problems. This volume contains the lecture notes of the first seminar of this type.

The modern development of medicine has been characterized by the grow­ ing use of new technologies in health care delivery and research. As an empirical science, medicine is based on many types and quantities of information to recognize alterations, explore causes and apply cor­ rective action. Dealing with biological objects, signals have to be collected, processed and interpreted to recognize the state of this object. It is therefore understandable that data processing technology and informatics have been employed to a growing extent in medicine. The increasing economic repercussions of modern medicine lead also to the demand of ways and means to assess the system as such and to develop means for evaluation and regulation. However, the application of data processing to the medical field has very often grown in parallel to and remote from the development of in­ formatics and data processing in general. Furthermore, difficulties have occurred resulting from the differing concepts of reasoning, deci­ sion making and methodology. We therefore decided to start a series of seminars with the attempt to bring scientists from both medicine and informatics together to discuss basic principles of informatics and medicine and to attempt a synthesis between the problems in medicine and health care delivery and methods in informatics to approach a solu­ tion of these problems. This volume contains the lecture notes of the first seminar of this type.

Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse beruhen auf einer Untersuchung von etwa 20 Ansatzen zu SOftware-Produktions-Umgebungen, abgekurzt SPUen [Haus81c]. Diese Ergebnisse wurden beeinflusst vom "Symposium on Software Engineering Environments (S2 E2)", das von der GMD im Juni 1980 in Lahnstein veranstaltet wurde [Hunk31]. Die ausgewahlten Systeme (so- wie die Auswahlkriterien) werden im Anhang A kurz beschrieben. Ausserdem enthalt dieser Anhung die im Text verwendeten Abkurzungen fur SPUen und fur jede SPU Literaturhinweise. 1.1 Bedeutung des Begriffs Software-Produkt ions-Umgebung Der Begriff Software-Produkt ions-Umgebung bezeichnet ein instrumentier- tes und organisiertes SOftware-Entwicklungs-Laboratorium, in dem viele Personen arbeiten, um gemeinsam in einem vollstandig organisierten Ar- beitsprozess Software zu entwerfen, zu konstruieren~ zu prufen, zu an- dern und zu warten. Eine SPU bietet software-gestutzte Modelle, Metho- den, Verfthren, Beschreibungsmittel und Werkzeuge fur diese Arbeit. SPUen unterstutzen die Software-Entwicklung und -Anwendung dadurch, dass sie diese Mittel bereitstellen und dadurch dass sie die Handhabung die- ser Mittel festlegen.

The modern development of medicine has been characterized by the grow­ ing use of new technologies in health care delivery and research. As an empirical science, medicine is based on many types and quantities of information to recognize alterations, explore causes and apply cor­ rective action. Dealing with biological objects, signals have to be collected, processed and interpreted to recognize the state of this object. It is therefore understandable that data processing technology and informatics have been employed to a growing extent in medicine. The increasing economic repercussions of modern medicine lead also to the demand of ways and means to assess the system as such and to develop means for evaluation and regulation. However, the application of data processing to the medical field has very often grown in parallel to and remote from the development of in­ formatics and data processing in general. Furthermore, difficulties have occurred resulting from the differing concepts of reasoning, deci­ sion making and methodology. We therefore decided to start a series of seminars with the attempt to bring scientists from both medicine and informatics together to discuss basic principles of informatics and medicine and to attempt a synthesis between the problems in medicine and health care delivery and methods in informatics to approach a solu­ tion of these problems. This volume contains the lecture notes of the first seminar of this type.