G Seifert - Böcker

Since the first edition more than 10 years ago many new information material about tropical diseases have been collected. New technologies were established (e.g. hybridization techniques, flow cytometry, image analysis, telepathology, serologic analysis etc.). The continuous and rapid improvement of tourism in all countries of the world and the increasing emigration of peoples of the developing countries to the old continents have changed the classical image of tropical diseases which are seen with greater frequency in temporative and highly developed countries. For these reasons new concepts were necessary for the second edition of the pathology of tropical diseases. The 27 chapters are written by well reputed experts in these fields.

Die Speicheldrüsen sind in mannifacher Weise in den Organismus eingebunden, so daß aus der Analyse des Speichels Rückschlüsse auf krankhafte Funktionen anderer Organsysteme gezogen werden können. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Speicheldrüsen und Organismus spielen in der Ätiologie und Pathogenese der verschiedenen Formen der Sialadenitis eine bedeutsame Rolle. Hierzu gehören Immunkrankheiten, metabolische Erkrankungen, hormonale Dysfunktionen, neurologische und auch genetische Erkrankungen. Auf dem Gebiet der Speicheldrüsentumoren sind durch den Einsatz neuer Methoden (Immunhistochemie, Molekularpathologie, Prolifikationsmarker, Chromosomenanalyse) viele neue Erkenntnisse gesammelt worden.

In 1967 cardiologists in Switzerland were struck by the sudden increase in the number of cases of so-called primary pulmonary hypertensive disease (PPHD). Up untill966, the cardiology centers in Switzerland had not seen more than one or two cases a year, but this number suddenly multiplied by ten or twenty times. At the June 1968 meeting ofthe Swiss Society of Cardiology, Gurtner et al. (1968b) presented a paper which raised the question whether the vascular types of cor pulmonale had increased. They also raised the question about the possible responsibility of environmental factors, such as toxins or drugs, in causing this increase. Krrihenbuhl et al. (1968) first suggested the possible responsibility of anorexigenic drugs, but no proof was provided. Soon after this, the cardiology team in Bem (Gurtner et al., 1968a) published their report, which resumed and completed the above-mentioned prelim- inary communication; 31 cases of PPHD, among which 17 had taken an anorexigenic drug, aminorex fumarate (Menocil, Cilag), were reported.The importance of this work was soon recognized and it was followed by several meetings (in Vienna, Hannover, and Burgenstock) and two round tables sponsored by the Swiss Society of Cardiology (in Montreux and Basel).

The patriarch of experimental pancreas research is REIGNIER DE GRAAF (1641-1673). He carried out the first experiments with dogs in order to ob­ tain fistular secretion (1664). But only few years later, the just arisen interest in the physiology of the pancreas was severely set back by remarks of CONRAD BRUNNER. In 1682, BRUNNER expressed his belief that on the basis of experi­ ments he had carried out the pancreas was a vitally unimportant organ. He overlooked that after ligation of the main duct (discovered in the turkey by HOFMAN in 1641 and in a human cadaver by WIRSUNG in 1642), in the dog an accessory duct (described by SANTORINI in 1724) usually maintains an adequate flow of secretion. EBERLE in his monograph (1834) confirmed the emulsifying capacity of the pancreatic juice which had already been suggested by SYLVIUS (FRAN­ CISCUS DE LE BOE, 1614-1672) and he dealt with the essential enzymatic functions of the pancreatic juice such as amylolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis. Since HEIDENHAIN (1875), we know that for example trypsin (largely isolated by KUHNE in 1867) is situated in the acinar epithelial cells as zymogen in inactive form; it is thought that the action of "acid" on the glandular tissue is needed for inducing the "enzymatic activity". According to what we know now about the central role of acidosis in the activation of zymogen this topic is, of course, of topical interest.