This research report, previously restricted to subscribing members of TWI, is now being published generally. It concentrates on distortion of individual welded joints, reviewing simple and practical models for predicting distortion after welding, and providing guidance on selection of appropriate models. Four types of distortion are identified and considered separately: longitudinal shrinkage, bowing distortion, transverse shrinkageand angular distortion.

This research report, previously restricted to subscribing members of TWI, is now being published generally. It concentrates on distortion of individual welded joints, reviewing simple and practical models for predicting distortion after welding, and providing guidance on selection of appropriate models. Four types of distortion are identified and considered separately: longitudinal shrinkage, bowing distortion, transverse shrinkageand angular distortion.