Hearts and Heart-Like Organs, Volume 1: Comparative Anatomy and Development focuses on the complexities of the heart and heart-like organs in various species, from the invertebrates and the lower vertebrates to humans. More specifically, it investigates the hearts of worms and mollusks, urochordates and cephalochordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and humans. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of myogenic hearts and their origin, the circulatory system of the annelids, and the nervous control and pharmacology of mollusk hearts. It then discusses the phyletic relationships and circulation systems of primitive chordates, cardiovascular function in the lower vertebrates, fine structure of the heart and heart-like organs in cyclostomes, and fine structure as well as impulse propagation and ultrastructure of lymph hearts in amphibians and reptiles. It also explains the neural control of the avian heart, functional and nonfunctional determinants of mammalian cardiac anatomy, postnatal development of the heart, and anatomy of the mammalian heart. The book concludes with a chapter on the anatomy of the human pericardium and heart. This book is a valuable resource for biological and biomedical researchers concerned with the anatomy and physiology of the heart.

Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Volume II focuses on the processes, methods, and studies on nutrition. The book starts by discussing intracellular localization through histochemical methods of enzymes and vitamins; the structural changes in vitamin deficiency; and microbiology of digestion. Deficiencies in vitamins, A, C, D, E, B1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, and folic acid are noted. The book then focuses on microbiology of digestion, considering the establishment of microbial population in the alimentary tract, results of microbial digestion, antibiotics, and intestinal flora of man. The text also defines the nutrition system of worms, insects, and protozoa. The generation of ATP in terminal respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as ATP''s role in energy transfer, is noted. The discussions also focus on hydrolytic and phosphorylitic enzymes, such as carbohydrates, esterases, amidases, phosphatases, and phosporylases. Other topics covered are respiratory enzymes and coenzymes in which nucleotides, glucose diphosphate, diphosphoglyceric acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate are noted. The book notes the functions of iron compounds in the body, particularly in blood and tissues, and then touches on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Given considerations are calcium and phosphorus in blood, skeletal calcium and phosphorus, and the factors affecting adsorption. A discussion also focuses on trace elements and the effects of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in nutrition. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in studying the elements, factors, processes, and methods involved in nutrition.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume V: Structure III and Physiology III covers topics relating to nerve growth factor (NGF), neuroglia, central myelinated axon, adrenal medulla, and saccus vasculosus of the nervous system. The book begins with the physicochemical properties of the NGF molecule, followed by the neuroglial participation in the removal of debris from damaged central nervous system (CNS). It discusses the regional distribution and biochemical characteristics of two steroid-binding systems, one for estradiol and the other for corticosterone. It also presents studies on "split-brain, an expression coined by Sperry (1961) to characterize an organism whose brain has been partially divided into two by surgical transection of the commissural fibers crossing the midline, in lower vertebrates, mammals, and primates. The book ends with electrophysiological studies of learning in simplified nervous system preparations. This book serves as a reference work for graduate students in a variety of disciplines and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume IV: Physiology II and Biochemistry II focuses on the structure and function of nervous tissue. It investigates the plasticity of synapses, their degeneration and regeneration, neuronal inclusions, RNA of nervous tissue, and molecular organization of neural information processing. Furthermore, it covers topics on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the nervous system, the blood-brain barrier, and the extracellular space (ECS) in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of synapses, with emphasis on changes in both the efficacy of individual synapses and the numbers of synapses made by axons upon neurons. It then discusses the orthograde terminal degeneration of synapses and the use of light and electron microscopy in studying synapse degeneration and regeneration. It also explains the synthesis, storage, and release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals; inclusions associated with viral infections; metabolism of RNA in nervous tissue; chemical correlates of information processing; metabolism of GABA in mammalian CNS; electrical activity of the normal brain; and chemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid. The book concludes with a chapter on the mechanism by which vertebrate central nervous tissue alters the magnitude of the ECS. This book will be of interest to anatomists, embryologists, biochemists, pathologists, clinicians, and molecular biologists. This will be invaluable as well to graduate students in a variety of disciplines and those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume VI: Structure IV and Physiology IV covers topics pertaining to ependyma and subependymal layer, filaments and tubules, synapse, epiphysis cerebri, excitation, macromolecules, and dopamine in the nervous system. The book particularly discusses the main structural features and functions of the ependyma and subependymal layer. It describes the ultrastructure of the synapse, and the nonspecific changes of the central nervous system in normal and experimental materials. It also includes the molecular biology of developing mammalian brain. In addition, the ""macromolecular picture"" of nerve excitation based on accumulated experimental findings from intracellularly perfused squid giant axons is presented. Lastly, evidence pertaining to the view that dopamine plays an important role in the control of extrapyramidal (striatal) motor functions is shown. This book will be very useful for graduate students in a variety of disciplines and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Muscle V1

The Rhesus Monkey, Volume I: Anatomy and Physiology discusses the anatomic and physiological measurement, microscopic anatomy, learning, skills, general behavior, and vocalization of rhesus monkey. The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is widely used for biomedical and psychological studies. Accordingly, an enormous fund of scientific information is available in papers and some collected data. This book is generally a collection of data from over 2000 papers on rhesus monkey. It covers topics on the cerebral angiography, electrocardiogram, and vector cardiogram of the rhesus monkey. It also provides additional information on morphology and function of rhesus kidney; the development and eruption of teeth in rhesus; and the histology and histochemistry of the rhesus monkey. This book serves as an invaluable reference work for all who work with this primate.

Progress in Ape Research presents the papers reported in the conference organized by the staff of Yerkes Primate Research Center in celebrating the centenary of Dr. Robert Mearns Yerkes'' birth, who gave significant contributions to ape research. This book is divided into four sections representing the sessions of the conference. First, the historical beginnings of research on great apes are presented. The other three sections deal mainly with the ongoing studies at the Yerkes Primate Research Center, particularly, in the field of communication and language in great apes, utilization of chimpanzees as biomedical models, and the comparative perspectives of human origins.Presentations by outstanding scientists from other institutions are also shown. The conference is arranged to honor the memory of Dr. Robert Mearns Yerkes, to inspire, and to emphasize some of the areas in psychobiological and medical sciences to which research on great apes is making a contribution.

The Structure and Function of Muscle, Second Edition: Volume II: Structure, Part 2 deals with various aspects of muscle structure, including physiology and microanatomy. The structure of the motor end plate is discussed, together with muscle regeneration and postmortem changes in muscle. Membranous systems in muscle fibers as well as the ultrastructural and physiological aspects of heart muscle are also considered. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of how basic studies in uterine function and regulation promoted developments in reproduction, obstetrics, and regulatory biology, with emphasis on the basic mechanism of function and regulation of smooth muscles. The following chapters explore the capacitative, resistive, and syncytial properties of heart muscle; contractile structures in some Protozoa such as ciliates and gregarines; the microanatomy of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and voluntary, somatic, or skeletal muscle; postmortem changes in the physical characteristics of muscle; and morphology of spontaneous degeneration and regeneration in skeletal muscle. The morphology, ultrastructure, and cytochemistry of the muscle spindle are also outlined. The final chapter deals with membraneous systems in muscle fibers and includes a discussion on correlation between physiology and morphology of fiber types in vertebrates and invertebrates. This book will be a useful resource for students, researchers, and practitioners of anatomy, physiology, biology, and medicine.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume III: Development and Growth focuses on bone development and growth, including bone repair and transplantation, the mechanisms of bone formation, and the role of hormones in bone formation and maintenance. It also explores osteogenesis in the human embryo and fetus, the internal remodeling and growth of bones, bone turnover and osteoporosis, cellular dynamics of bone, and the effects of radiation on bone. Organized into 12 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the biophysical principles affecting bone structure, with emphasis on the direct and indirect effects of pressure on cells and the possible mechanisms by which cell behavior is controlled by bioelectrical responses. It then discusses the periosteal and endochondral ossification of cartilage bone, internal remodeling in the young adult skeleton, structural aspects of bone growth, and radioautographic studies of bone formation. It also explains the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis; histology of osteocytic resorption; tritiated thymidine studies in bone; induction of heterotopic bone formation; requirements for cell survival in free autologous transplants; and skeletal effects of ovarian steroids. The book concludes with a chapter on the effects of radiation on tissues closely related to bone. Biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the bone development and growth will find this book highly informative.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume IV: Calcification and Physiology explores the biochemical and physiological aspects of bone calcification. It discusses the comparative physiology of bone, the organelles involved in the local mechanism of calcification, bone tracer uptake and removal, and matrix vesicles of cartilage and bone. It explains the parathyroid biosynthesis and metabolism, cellular and humoral factors in bone resorption, electrical properties of bone, circulation in relation to bone growth and metabolism, and dentin and bone formation. Organized into 12 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of noncalcifying matrix and its conversion to calcifiable matrix, impregnation of collagen, and extraskeletal calcification. The remaining chapters focus on the effects of pyrophosphate and diphosphonates on calcium metabolism and skeletal turnover, calcium kinetics in plasma, the method matrix vesicles use in initiating calcification, the chemistry of parathyroid biosynthesis and metabolism, and mammalian osteopetrosis as a model for investigating cellular and humoral factors involved in bone resorption. It also discusses the use of electron spin resonance spectrometry in studying mineralized tissues, electrical response in flexed wet bone, bone blood volume and flow, and origin and fate of bone cells. The book concludes with a chapter on the biogenesis of matrix and mineral components of dentin and bone tissues. This book is highly recommended to biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the calcification and physiology of bone.

The Structure and Function of Muscle discusses relevant issues that directly affect both the structure and function of the muscular system. These issues are approached from different perspectives, such as biochemical and molecular. This book discusses several factors that can affect the condition and performance of the muscular system, both externally (parasitic and viral infections, nutritional deficiency, drugs) and internally (genetics and muscular degeneration). It also presents several types of myopathies and their distinctive traits compared to other diseases with similar symptoms. This text contains relevant information about the causes and effects of the afflictions of the muscular system. Students, medical practitioners, and researchers specializing in mycology will find this book invaluable.

The Structure and Function of Muscle, Second Edition, Volume III: Physiology and Biochemistry presents the physiology and biochemistry of muscle. This book discusses the various aspects of the structure of muscles and explores some aspects of muscle disease.Organized into 10 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the transverse tubular system or T system of striated muscle. This text then examines the properties and function of membranes through electron microscopy. Other chapters consider in more detail from a biophysical viewpoint certain aspects of the series of events surrounding muscle contraction. This book discusses as well the significance of the central circulation and the amount of oxygen that can be delivered by the cardiovascular system. The final chapter deals with the heat output and chemical breakdown during an isometric twitch.This book is a valuable resource for scientists, neurobiologists, biologists, biochemists, physiologists, histologists, cytologists, and research workers.

The Rhesus Monkey discusses the use of the rhesus monkey as a test subject in biomedical research. This text provides information that is essential for research that involves the rhesus monkey, from conditioning a wild rhesus monkey to restoring it to its natural state after the tests that it is subjected to. This book covers the phases a rhesus monkey specimen will go through in an experiment. Each chapter covers different facets of using a rhesus monkey as a test subject, including selecting a suitable specimen, conditioning, medication, nourishment, breeding, and pathological threats. Researchers in all fields will find this book an invaluable source of information regarding the best use of rhesus monkeys as research subjects.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume II: Physiology and Pathology investigates the physiological and pathological aspects of bone, including the blood vessels that nourish the bones; the mechanisms of bone formation, growth, repair, and transplantation; and the role of hormones and vitamins in the formation and maintenance of bone. It explores the circulation of bone, the pathological calcification and radiation effects on bone, the metabolism of growth hormones and skeletal tissue, enamel and dentin matrix glycoproteins, and the role of calcitonin in homeostasis. Organized into nine chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the circulation of bone, including the overall blood supply of a long bone. It discusses the phosphatase and its histological distribution in mature and developing bone, the presence of glycoproteins in the organic matrix of enamel and dentin, and human dwarfism and human growth hormone replacement therapy. It explains the roles of vitamins and the effects of calcitonin and vitamin deficiency on bone growth and development. The book concludes with a chapter on the chemistry of calcification and some types of abnormal calcification. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the physiology and pathology of bone.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume I: Structure focuses on the nature and behavior of bone cells, the structure of the organic matrix of bone, mineral organization, and bone strength. It explores the histology of bone, the pathological calcification and radiation effects on bone, particularly, the morphology and cytochemistry as well as the functional significance of osteoblasts, the mode of action of the osteoclast, the ultrastructure of bone, and the mechanical engineering problems presented by bone. Organized into nine chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the general histology of bone, including tissues related to bone and its elementary constituents. It then discusses the origin of osteoblasts, the role of the osteoclast in the mechanism whereby calcium is unlocked from the skeleton under the influence of the parathyroid hormone, and the physiological and pathological effects of vitamins and hormones on skeletal tissue in vitro. It also explains the chemical composition of bone and the chemistry of bone collagen, the relationship between bone mineral and the organic matrix, the macromolecular organization of apatite and collagen, and the examinations of bone by scanning electron microscopy. The book concludes with a chapter on the shape, strength, and elasticity of bone. This book is a valuable source of information for anatomists, orthopedists, biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, biomedical engineers, pathologists, clinicians, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the biochemical and physiological aspects of bone.

Cytology and Cell Physiology, Third Edition focuses on cell cytology and physiology as well as recent advances in the techniques in studying cells, including microscopy. It also describes cell membranes, surface, and physiology; cytoplasmic constituents; nucleus and nucleocytoplasmic reactions; enzyme histochemistry and cytochemistry; viruses within cells; and morphology of the cancer cell. Organized into 13 chapters, this edition begins with a historical overview of cytology, the template hypothesis of protein synthesis, and the respiratory function of mitochondria. It then discusses the subcellular components and their centrifugal isolation, some general principles of microscopy, selected physical and physicochemical methods, applications of enzyme histochemistry to electron microscopy, and structure and physical properties of the plasma membrane. The remaining chapters focus on the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus and its role in cell metabolism, RNA synthesis and movement, the behavior of viruses within cells, and pathological changes in cells. The book concludes with a chapter on the function and metabolism of cancer cells. This book is highly recommended to cytologists, investigators in the field of pathology, and graduate students in biology, biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy.

Originally published in 1940, this concise book was based upon a series of articles that were written during 1938 and 1939. The text is organised around the principle of helping ordinary people to understand food nutrition during the scarcity of war, enabling them to choose alternatives when certain items become unavailable. It is divided into two sections: the first summarises the nutritional knowledge of the time and the ways in which consumption can be affected by war; the second contains food tables detailing the nutritional value of various food groups. This is an illuminating resource that will be of value to anyone with an interest in British history, the Second World War, public health, and nutrition.

Hearts and Heart-Like Organs, Volume 1: Comparative Anatomy and Development focuses on the complexities of the heart and heart-like organs in various species, from the invertebrates and the lower vertebrates to humans. More specifically, it investigates the hearts of worms and mollusks, urochordates and cephalochordates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, and humans. Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of myogenic hearts and their origin, the circulatory system of the annelids, and the nervous control and pharmacology of mollusk hearts. It then discusses the phyletic relationships and circulation systems of primitive chordates, cardiovascular function in the lower vertebrates, fine structure of the heart and heart-like organs in cyclostomes, and fine structure as well as impulse propagation and ultrastructure of lymph hearts in amphibians and reptiles. It also explains the neural control of the avian heart, functional and nonfunctional determinants of mammalian cardiac anatomy, postnatal development of the heart, and anatomy of the mammalian heart. The book concludes with a chapter on the anatomy of the human pericardium and heart. This book is a valuable resource for biological and biomedical researchers concerned with the anatomy and physiology of the heart.

Biochemistry and Physiology of Nutrition, Volume II focuses on the processes, methods, and studies on nutrition. The book starts by discussing intracellular localization through histochemical methods of enzymes and vitamins; the structural changes in vitamin deficiency; and microbiology of digestion. Deficiencies in vitamins, A, C, D, E, B1, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, choline, biotin, and folic acid are noted. The book then focuses on microbiology of digestion, considering the establishment of microbial population in the alimentary tract, results of microbial digestion, antibiotics, and intestinal flora of man. The text also defines the nutrition system of worms, insects, and protozoa. The generation of ATP in terminal respiration and anaerobic glycolysis, as well as ATP''s role in energy transfer, is noted. The discussions also focus on hydrolytic and phosphorylitic enzymes, such as carbohydrates, esterases, amidases, phosphatases, and phosporylases. Other topics covered are respiratory enzymes and coenzymes in which nucleotides, glucose diphosphate, diphosphoglyceric acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate are noted. The book notes the functions of iron compounds in the body, particularly in blood and tissues, and then touches on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Given considerations are calcium and phosphorus in blood, skeletal calcium and phosphorus, and the factors affecting adsorption. A discussion also focuses on trace elements and the effects of protein, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in nutrition. The book is a vital source of data for readers interested in studying the elements, factors, processes, and methods involved in nutrition.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume V: Structure III and Physiology III covers topics relating to nerve growth factor (NGF), neuroglia, central myelinated axon, adrenal medulla, and saccus vasculosus of the nervous system. The book begins with the physicochemical properties of the NGF molecule, followed by the neuroglial participation in the removal of debris from damaged central nervous system (CNS). It discusses the regional distribution and biochemical characteristics of two steroid-binding systems, one for estradiol and the other for corticosterone. It also presents studies on "split-brain, an expression coined by Sperry (1961) to characterize an organism whose brain has been partially divided into two by surgical transection of the commissural fibers crossing the midline, in lower vertebrates, mammals, and primates. The book ends with electrophysiological studies of learning in simplified nervous system preparations. This book serves as a reference work for graduate students in a variety of disciplines and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume IV: Physiology II and Biochemistry II focuses on the structure and function of nervous tissue. It investigates the plasticity of synapses, their degeneration and regeneration, neuronal inclusions, RNA of nervous tissue, and molecular organization of neural information processing. Furthermore, it covers topics on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the nervous system, the blood-brain barrier, and the extracellular space (ECS) in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of synapses, with emphasis on changes in both the efficacy of individual synapses and the numbers of synapses made by axons upon neurons. It then discusses the orthograde terminal degeneration of synapses and the use of light and electron microscopy in studying synapse degeneration and regeneration. It also explains the synthesis, storage, and release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals; inclusions associated with viral infections; metabolism of RNA in nervous tissue; chemical correlates of information processing; metabolism of GABA in mammalian CNS; electrical activity of the normal brain; and chemistry of the cerebrospinal fluid. The book concludes with a chapter on the mechanism by which vertebrate central nervous tissue alters the magnitude of the ECS. This book will be of interest to anatomists, embryologists, biochemists, pathologists, clinicians, and molecular biologists. This will be invaluable as well to graduate students in a variety of disciplines and those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Nervous Tissue, Volume VI: Structure IV and Physiology IV covers topics pertaining to ependyma and subependymal layer, filaments and tubules, synapse, epiphysis cerebri, excitation, macromolecules, and dopamine in the nervous system. The book particularly discusses the main structural features and functions of the ependyma and subependymal layer. It describes the ultrastructure of the synapse, and the nonspecific changes of the central nervous system in normal and experimental materials. It also includes the molecular biology of developing mammalian brain. In addition, the ""macromolecular picture"" of nerve excitation based on accumulated experimental findings from intracellularly perfused squid giant axons is presented. Lastly, evidence pertaining to the view that dopamine plays an important role in the control of extrapyramidal (striatal) motor functions is shown. This book will be very useful for graduate students in a variety of disciplines and for those specializing in particular aspects of nervous tissue study.

The Structure and Function of Muscle V1

The Rhesus Monkey, Volume I: Anatomy and Physiology discusses the anatomic and physiological measurement, microscopic anatomy, learning, skills, general behavior, and vocalization of rhesus monkey. The rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) is widely used for biomedical and psychological studies. Accordingly, an enormous fund of scientific information is available in papers and some collected data. This book is generally a collection of data from over 2000 papers on rhesus monkey. It covers topics on the cerebral angiography, electrocardiogram, and vector cardiogram of the rhesus monkey. It also provides additional information on morphology and function of rhesus kidney; the development and eruption of teeth in rhesus; and the histology and histochemistry of the rhesus monkey. This book serves as an invaluable reference work for all who work with this primate.

Progress in Ape Research presents the papers reported in the conference organized by the staff of Yerkes Primate Research Center in celebrating the centenary of Dr. Robert Mearns Yerkes'' birth, who gave significant contributions to ape research. This book is divided into four sections representing the sessions of the conference. First, the historical beginnings of research on great apes are presented. The other three sections deal mainly with the ongoing studies at the Yerkes Primate Research Center, particularly, in the field of communication and language in great apes, utilization of chimpanzees as biomedical models, and the comparative perspectives of human origins.Presentations by outstanding scientists from other institutions are also shown. The conference is arranged to honor the memory of Dr. Robert Mearns Yerkes, to inspire, and to emphasize some of the areas in psychobiological and medical sciences to which research on great apes is making a contribution.

The Structure and Function of Muscle, Second Edition: Volume II: Structure, Part 2 deals with various aspects of muscle structure, including physiology and microanatomy. The structure of the motor end plate is discussed, together with muscle regeneration and postmortem changes in muscle. Membranous systems in muscle fibers as well as the ultrastructural and physiological aspects of heart muscle are also considered. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an overview of how basic studies in uterine function and regulation promoted developments in reproduction, obstetrics, and regulatory biology, with emphasis on the basic mechanism of function and regulation of smooth muscles. The following chapters explore the capacitative, resistive, and syncytial properties of heart muscle; contractile structures in some Protozoa such as ciliates and gregarines; the microanatomy of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and voluntary, somatic, or skeletal muscle; postmortem changes in the physical characteristics of muscle; and morphology of spontaneous degeneration and regeneration in skeletal muscle. The morphology, ultrastructure, and cytochemistry of the muscle spindle are also outlined. The final chapter deals with membraneous systems in muscle fibers and includes a discussion on correlation between physiology and morphology of fiber types in vertebrates and invertebrates. This book will be a useful resource for students, researchers, and practitioners of anatomy, physiology, biology, and medicine.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume III: Development and Growth focuses on bone development and growth, including bone repair and transplantation, the mechanisms of bone formation, and the role of hormones in bone formation and maintenance. It also explores osteogenesis in the human embryo and fetus, the internal remodeling and growth of bones, bone turnover and osteoporosis, cellular dynamics of bone, and the effects of radiation on bone. Organized into 12 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the biophysical principles affecting bone structure, with emphasis on the direct and indirect effects of pressure on cells and the possible mechanisms by which cell behavior is controlled by bioelectrical responses. It then discusses the periosteal and endochondral ossification of cartilage bone, internal remodeling in the young adult skeleton, structural aspects of bone growth, and radioautographic studies of bone formation. It also explains the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis; histology of osteocytic resorption; tritiated thymidine studies in bone; induction of heterotopic bone formation; requirements for cell survival in free autologous transplants; and skeletal effects of ovarian steroids. The book concludes with a chapter on the effects of radiation on tissues closely related to bone. Biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the bone development and growth will find this book highly informative.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume IV: Calcification and Physiology explores the biochemical and physiological aspects of bone calcification. It discusses the comparative physiology of bone, the organelles involved in the local mechanism of calcification, bone tracer uptake and removal, and matrix vesicles of cartilage and bone. It explains the parathyroid biosynthesis and metabolism, cellular and humoral factors in bone resorption, electrical properties of bone, circulation in relation to bone growth and metabolism, and dentin and bone formation. Organized into 12 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of noncalcifying matrix and its conversion to calcifiable matrix, impregnation of collagen, and extraskeletal calcification. The remaining chapters focus on the effects of pyrophosphate and diphosphonates on calcium metabolism and skeletal turnover, calcium kinetics in plasma, the method matrix vesicles use in initiating calcification, the chemistry of parathyroid biosynthesis and metabolism, and mammalian osteopetrosis as a model for investigating cellular and humoral factors involved in bone resorption. It also discusses the use of electron spin resonance spectrometry in studying mineralized tissues, electrical response in flexed wet bone, bone blood volume and flow, and origin and fate of bone cells. The book concludes with a chapter on the biogenesis of matrix and mineral components of dentin and bone tissues. This book is highly recommended to biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the calcification and physiology of bone.

The Structure and Function of Muscle discusses relevant issues that directly affect both the structure and function of the muscular system. These issues are approached from different perspectives, such as biochemical and molecular. This book discusses several factors that can affect the condition and performance of the muscular system, both externally (parasitic and viral infections, nutritional deficiency, drugs) and internally (genetics and muscular degeneration). It also presents several types of myopathies and their distinctive traits compared to other diseases with similar symptoms. This text contains relevant information about the causes and effects of the afflictions of the muscular system. Students, medical practitioners, and researchers specializing in mycology will find this book invaluable.

The Structure and Function of Muscle, Second Edition, Volume III: Physiology and Biochemistry presents the physiology and biochemistry of muscle. This book discusses the various aspects of the structure of muscles and explores some aspects of muscle disease.Organized into 10 chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the transverse tubular system or T system of striated muscle. This text then examines the properties and function of membranes through electron microscopy. Other chapters consider in more detail from a biophysical viewpoint certain aspects of the series of events surrounding muscle contraction. This book discusses as well the significance of the central circulation and the amount of oxygen that can be delivered by the cardiovascular system. The final chapter deals with the heat output and chemical breakdown during an isometric twitch.This book is a valuable resource for scientists, neurobiologists, biologists, biochemists, physiologists, histologists, cytologists, and research workers.

The Rhesus Monkey discusses the use of the rhesus monkey as a test subject in biomedical research. This text provides information that is essential for research that involves the rhesus monkey, from conditioning a wild rhesus monkey to restoring it to its natural state after the tests that it is subjected to. This book covers the phases a rhesus monkey specimen will go through in an experiment. Each chapter covers different facets of using a rhesus monkey as a test subject, including selecting a suitable specimen, conditioning, medication, nourishment, breeding, and pathological threats. Researchers in all fields will find this book an invaluable source of information regarding the best use of rhesus monkeys as research subjects.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume II: Physiology and Pathology investigates the physiological and pathological aspects of bone, including the blood vessels that nourish the bones; the mechanisms of bone formation, growth, repair, and transplantation; and the role of hormones and vitamins in the formation and maintenance of bone. It explores the circulation of bone, the pathological calcification and radiation effects on bone, the metabolism of growth hormones and skeletal tissue, enamel and dentin matrix glycoproteins, and the role of calcitonin in homeostasis. Organized into nine chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the circulation of bone, including the overall blood supply of a long bone. It discusses the phosphatase and its histological distribution in mature and developing bone, the presence of glycoproteins in the organic matrix of enamel and dentin, and human dwarfism and human growth hormone replacement therapy. It explains the roles of vitamins and the effects of calcitonin and vitamin deficiency on bone growth and development. The book concludes with a chapter on the chemistry of calcification and some types of abnormal calcification. This book is a valuable resource for biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, anatomists, orthopedists, pathologists, clinicians, biomedical engineers, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the physiology and pathology of bone.

The Biochemistry and Physiology of Bone, Second Edition: Volume I: Structure focuses on the nature and behavior of bone cells, the structure of the organic matrix of bone, mineral organization, and bone strength. It explores the histology of bone, the pathological calcification and radiation effects on bone, particularly, the morphology and cytochemistry as well as the functional significance of osteoblasts, the mode of action of the osteoclast, the ultrastructure of bone, and the mechanical engineering problems presented by bone. Organized into nine chapters, this edition begins with an overview of the general histology of bone, including tissues related to bone and its elementary constituents. It then discusses the origin of osteoblasts, the role of the osteoclast in the mechanism whereby calcium is unlocked from the skeleton under the influence of the parathyroid hormone, and the physiological and pathological effects of vitamins and hormones on skeletal tissue in vitro. It also explains the chemical composition of bone and the chemistry of bone collagen, the relationship between bone mineral and the organic matrix, the macromolecular organization of apatite and collagen, and the examinations of bone by scanning electron microscopy. The book concludes with a chapter on the shape, strength, and elasticity of bone. This book is a valuable source of information for anatomists, orthopedists, biochemists, cell biologists, physiologists, biomedical engineers, pathologists, clinicians, graduate students, professors, and others interested in the biochemical and physiological aspects of bone.

Cytology and Cell Physiology, Third Edition focuses on cell cytology and physiology as well as recent advances in the techniques in studying cells, including microscopy. It also describes cell membranes, surface, and physiology; cytoplasmic constituents; nucleus and nucleocytoplasmic reactions; enzyme histochemistry and cytochemistry; viruses within cells; and morphology of the cancer cell. Organized into 13 chapters, this edition begins with a historical overview of cytology, the template hypothesis of protein synthesis, and the respiratory function of mitochondria. It then discusses the subcellular components and their centrifugal isolation, some general principles of microscopy, selected physical and physicochemical methods, applications of enzyme histochemistry to electron microscopy, and structure and physical properties of the plasma membrane. The remaining chapters focus on the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the nucleus and its role in cell metabolism, RNA synthesis and movement, the behavior of viruses within cells, and pathological changes in cells. The book concludes with a chapter on the function and metabolism of cancer cells. This book is highly recommended to cytologists, investigators in the field of pathology, and graduate students in biology, biochemistry, physiology, and anatomy.

Originally published in 1940, this concise book was based upon a series of articles that were written during 1938 and 1939. The text is organised around the principle of helping ordinary people to understand food nutrition during the scarcity of war, enabling them to choose alternatives when certain items become unavailable. It is divided into two sections: the first summarises the nutritional knowledge of the time and the ways in which consumption can be affected by war; the second contains food tables detailing the nutritional value of various food groups. This is an illuminating resource that will be of value to anyone with an interest in British history, the Second World War, public health, and nutrition.