Georgios I. Zekos – författare

International Commercial and Marine Arbitration analyses and compares commercial-martime arbitration in a number of different legal systems including the US, the UK, Greece and Belgium. The book examines the role of the courts in arbitration in each of these countries, making reference to the latest case law, and also makes extensive reference to French, German, Italian, Austrian, Swiss and Netherlands law. Tracing the historical emergence of the modern system of commercial arbitration Georgios Zekos then goes on to present ways in which the current process of arbitration can be developed in order to make them more effective.

International Commercial and Marine Arbitration analyses and compares commercial-martime arbitration in a number of different legal systems including the US, the UK, Greece and Belgium. The book examines the role of the courts in arbitration in each of these countries, making reference to the latest case law, and also makes extensive reference to French, German, Italian, Austrian, Swiss and Netherlands law. Tracing the historical emergence of the modern system of commercial arbitration Georgios Zekos then goes on to present ways in which the current process of arbitration can be developed in order to make them more effective.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly shaping the organization and operation of global capital markets by backing the consequences of algorithmic trading. However, concerns about the growing contribution of AI are mounting, particularly in relation to its potential to destabilize fair and orderly trading. This book examines the impact of AI upon Finance, financial management, competition and crimes. It presents the AI-driven economy by combining a theoretical framework with econometric analysis and involves a discussion of the intersection of novel areas, including blockchain and AI. It investigates the AI-driven economy from four perspectives: economic impacts and financial implications, technological innovation and political considerations. This interdisciplinary approach enables a holistic analysis of the subject, ensuring its relevance. The book begins by signalling the latest advancements in AI and its significance for the economy, presenting new forms of finance. It investigates the role of AI within financial markets, followed by an analysis of the role of AI upon developments in finance, financial management and governance, with an emphasis on metaverse and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), cyber assets and digital currencies. The role of competition upon finance is highlighted and financial crimes and their influence upon financial markets is examined. The book will find an audience among researchers and students in the field of economics, finance or business, as well as economists, lawyers, and financial and cybersecurity professionals.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly shaping the organization and operation of global capital markets by backing the consequences of algorithmic trading. However, concerns about the growing contribution of AI are mounting, particularly in relation to its potential to destabilize fair and orderly trading. This book examines the impact of AI upon Finance, financial management, competition and crimes. It presents the AI-driven economy by combining a theoretical framework with econometric analysis and involves a discussion of the intersection of novel areas, including blockchain and AI. It investigates the AI-driven economy from four perspectives: economic impacts and financial implications, technological innovation and political considerations. This interdisciplinary approach enables a holistic analysis of the subject, ensuring its relevance. The book begins by signalling the latest advancements in AI and its significance for the economy, presenting new forms of finance. It investigates the role of AI within financial markets, followed by an analysis of the role of AI upon developments in finance, financial management and governance, with an emphasis on metaverse and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), cyber assets and digital currencies. The role of competition upon finance is highlighted and financial crimes and their influence upon financial markets is examined. The book will find an audience among researchers and students in the field of economics, finance or business, as well as economists, lawyers, and financial and cybersecurity professionals.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly shaping the organization and operation of global capital markets by backing the consequences of algorithmic trading. However, concerns about the growing contribution of AI are mounting, particularly in relation to its potential to destabilize fair and orderly trading. This book examines the impact of AI upon Finance, financial management, competition and crimes. It presents the AI-driven economy by combining a theoretical framework with econometric analysis and involves a discussion of the intersection of novel areas, including blockchain and AI. It investigates the AI-driven economy from four perspectives: economic impacts and financial implications, technological innovation and political considerations. This interdisciplinary approach enables a holistic analysis of the subject, ensuring its relevance. The book begins by signalling the latest advancements in AI and its significance for the economy, presenting new forms of finance. It investigates the role of AI within financial markets, followed by an analysis of the role of AI upon developments in finance, financial management and governance, with an emphasis on metaverse and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), cyber assets and digital currencies. The role of competition upon finance is highlighted and financial crimes and their influence upon financial markets is examined. The book will find an audience among researchers and students in the field of economics, finance or business, as well as economists, lawyers, and financial and cybersecurity professionals.

International Commercial and Marine Arbitration analyses and compares commercial-martime arbitration in a number of different legal systems including the US, the UK, Greece and Belgium. The book examines the role of the courts in arbitration in each of these countries, making reference to the latest case law, and also makes extensive refe

The signing of the Maastricht treaty created economic structure and institutions, and set in motion the process of adopting a common currency. The euro is, among many things, an economic project that sought to advance standards of living by escalating the competence of resource allocations, taking up the principles of comparative advantage, boosting competition, taking advantage of economies that were to scale and strengthening economic stability. The euro-zone is made up of 19 countries sharing a common currency - the euro - symbolizing the most modern stage of more than 50 years of European integration. Structurally, Europe is caught in a malfunction triangle between national politics, European policies and global markets. Moreover, the democratic politics of the EU have remained national, and a single currency is established without establishing a set of institutions facilitating a region of Europe's diversity to operate efficiently. The euro-zone has been going through a lengthened period of weak economic activity and very low inflation. There is a need to strengthen Economic and Monetary Union based on political stability, so as to upsurge its resilience to economic shocks. To this extent, uncertainty and political fragmentation amplify significantly in the aftermath of financial crises that are particularly economically destructive, which makes crisis resolution more problematic. The crisis across Europe has led to a failure in confidence in European institutions, leading to a political fragmentation of positions among member states, stirring up nationalistic instincts that impede decision-making and avert the formation of a common growth strategy. Nevertheless, it is essential to move towards the establishment of the United States of Europe in order to avoid the collapse and disintegration of the EU.

Transportation facilities are a necessary part of a country's infrastructure. Efficient traveling and transportation of production and consumption goods are necessary requirements for competent trading within and across states.Transport networks are at the heart of the supply chain and are the foundation of any country's economy by permitting goods to be distributed effectively and people to travel. Transport is a foundation of the European integration procedure and is firmly correlated to the formation and completion of the internal market, sponsoring jobs and economic growth.Conventionally, the document comprising the contract of carriage is either a charter party or a bill of lading, depending on the way in which the vessel has been employed. Other documents in the form of a multimodal/combined bill of lading may be issued as well. These two forms of contracts are discernible. A bill of lading is a contract with regard to the cargo, whereas a charter party is a contract concerning the vessel. Ocean bills of lading have an inherent value as security to banks that finance the sale of the underlying cargo or the documents themselves, and they enable their lawful holders to sell the cargo while in transit by transfer of the document. The key obstacles in the employment of paperless bills of lading and other transportation documents take account of the law's insistence on paper-based documentation, written signatures, and out of date transport and secured transaction laws.The bill of lading is the used document by shippers, carriers, and banks, and so is an indispensable part of the set of documents needed in documenting the operation. Customarily the "e;transaction documents"e; consist of, inter alia, the bill of lading, the marine insurance policy, and the commercial invoice, each of which epitomizes components of the contracts of carriage, insurance, and sale. The significance of maritime documents is confirmed by the fact that some eighty percent of total commodities are transported globally by sea.A bill of lading has commonly been said to have three characteristics: 1) A contract for the carriage of the goods; 2) an acknowledgement of their receipt; and 3) documentary evidence of the title. The bill of lading is a commercial document. Nevertheless, there is an uncertainty and dispute about its contractual nature.

Arbitration is one form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It must be taken into account that ADR was envisioned as an alternative to litigation, with its own manifest of substantive and procedural characteristics. To that extent, arbitration enhances access to justice by permitting claimants to bring claims they could not afford to bring to court. International commercial arbitration is a legally binding dispute resolution process that substitutes for domestic courts. Arbitration began as an extrajudicial mechanism for resolving disputes. Arbitration “took its rise in the very infancy of Society” as a private and self-contained method, distinctive from litigation and not as a postscript to the development of public courts. Has this fact been shared by state legislation and modern arbitration practice or has arbitration been developed into an appendage of the courts? Merchants established arbitration tribunals because they felt that the courts were not sufficiently knowledgeable about commercial customs and were exceptionally slow and unwieldy. National arbitration, international commercial arbitration, and investor-state arbitration have developed on parallel but separate tracks, each reacting to different political, economic, and social settings. Although arbitration is a quasi-judicial proceeding, it is not conducted with the same degree of formality as a judicial proceeding within the United States which means that the spirit of arbitration is the parties’ freedom from the strict structure of ordinary judicial proceedings. Arbitration has to guarantee legal certainty, predictability, and settlement being costless. The emergence of many non-independent arbitral tribunals creates a Gordian knot by merely adding more work for courts in order to deal with so many requests for intervention in arbitrations. The current perplexing between arbitration and courts causes only confusion, profit chances for many people and less quick and cheap justice. In addition, arbitration is judicialized dependent more and more from court rulings; this causes it to lose its advantages and become more and more costly. Because of this, its validity is questionable and it might be more productive to establish more courts to employ more judges rather than struggling with arbitration as it currently functions. Taking into account that private parties are performing an escalating number of tasks that were once accomplished by the government, privatization has become so prevalent and involves “delegation” of state authority to private parties. This can be seen as a legal basis for the independence of arbitration under National Authority Management Arbitration (NAMA).

Arbitration is one form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). It must be taken into account that ADR was envisioned as an alternative to litigation, with its own manifest of substantive and procedural characteristics. To that extent, arbitration enhances access to justice by permitting claimants to bring claims they could not afford to bring to court. International commercial arbitration is a legally binding dispute resolution process that substitutes for domestic courts. Arbitration began as an extrajudicial mechanism for resolving disputes. Arbitration “took its rise in the very infancy of Society” as a private and self-contained method, distinctive from litigation and not as a postscript to the development of public courts. Has this fact been shared by state legislation and modern arbitration practice or has arbitration been developed into an appendage of the courts? Merchants established arbitration tribunals because they felt that the courts were not sufficiently knowledgeable about commercial customs and were exceptionally slow and unwieldy. National arbitration, international commercial arbitration, and investor-state arbitration have developed on parallel but separate tracks, each reacting to different political, economic, and social settings. Although arbitration is a quasi-judicial proceeding, it is not conducted with the same degree of formality as a judicial proceeding within the United States which means that the spirit of arbitration is the parties’ freedom from the strict structure of ordinary judicial proceedings. Arbitration has to guarantee legal certainty, predictability, and settlement being costless. The emergence of many non-independent arbitral tribunals creates a Gordian knot by merely adding more work for courts in order to deal with so many requests for intervention in arbitrations. The current perplexing between arbitration and courts causes only confusion, profit chances for many people and less quick and cheap justice. In addition, arbitration is judicialized dependent more and more from court rulings; this causes it to lose its advantages and become more and more costly. Because of this, its validity is questionable and it might be more productive to establish more courts to employ more judges rather than struggling with arbitration as it currently functions. Taking into account that private parties are performing an escalating number of tasks that were once accomplished by the government, privatization has become so prevalent and involves “delegation” of state authority to private parties. This can be seen as a legal basis for the independence of arbitration under National Authority Management Arbitration (NAMA).

Europe is currently caught in a malfunction triangle between national politics, European policies, and global markets. Moreover, the democratic politics of the EU have remained national. Moreover, a single currency has been established without establishing a set of institutions to facilitate any regions of Europe to operate efficiently. The European area has been going through a lengthened period of weak economic activity and very low inflation, and there is a need to strengthen its Economic and Monetary Union, based on political stability, so as to upsurge its resilience to economic shocks. To that extent, uncertainty and political fragmentation have been amplified significantly in the aftermath of financial crises, which have been economically destructive, making crisis resolution more problematic. The crisis across Europe has led to a failure in confidence in European institutions, leading to political fragmentation of positions among Member States, and stirring up nationalistic instincts. This has impeded decision-making, averting the formation of a common growth strategy. Nevertheless, it is essential to move towards the establishment of the United States of Europe in order to avoid the collapse and disintegration of the EU.

The globalization of trade in goods and services has opened up new and more and more vast markets and so financial markets have triggered sharp growth in investment portfolios and large movements of short-term capital, with borrowers and investors interacting through a more and more unified market. Cyberspace is a global network of computers linked by high-speed data lines and wireless systems and so cyberspace can strengthen national and global governance. Financial crimes are types of economic crimes which implicate using instruments and institutions of the financial market for getting financial profits at the expense of other market actors. Insider trading is basically when a corporate insider or another party in possession of proprietary non-public information trades upon it. The insider trading policy is an aspect of a company’s internal governance making certain corporate transparency is preserved upholding investor confidence. Insider trading is far from generic propagated through various means and brought about by various market participants. Money laundering is the course whereby criminals mask the true origin and ownership of the earnings of their criminal activities permitting them to keep control over these profits and, in due course, to stipulate a legitimate cover for their source of income and the financing of their criminal actions. Crypto-currencies have been portrayed as an instrument making possible illegal activity, as they advance a setting for individuals to create, transfer, launder and steal unlawful funds with anonymity. Terrorism produces governments to be more vigilant with private financial transactions to avert funding of terrorist activities from abroad. Financial crimes contribute to terrorist financing.

The digital economy is a central part of transformation based on the diligence of cyberspace-based technologies. MNEs play a crucial role in global economy, linking rich and poor economies, and transmitting capital, knowledge, ideas and value systems across borders and so by interacting with institutions, organizations and individuals, MNEs cause positive and negative spillovers for stakeholders in host countries. FDI is a source of private external finance to the host economy contributing to the state’s capital formation in the form of corporate tax revenues, permitting transfer of technology and innovation and so tolerating the host economy to catch up with technological and managerial enhancements absorbed by the rest of the economy will make for fuller productivity influence. IPR granted by patents, copyrights, trademarks, etc., perform a significant role in promoting innovation and sustaining economic growth by allowing their holders to keep out, for a limited amount of time, other parties from the remuneration arising from new knowledge and from the commercial use of innovative products and developments based on that new knowledge. Finally, the results based on ZEKIPR & ZEKEUIPR indices show not only a positive and real importance of IPRs upon attracting FDI but also IPRs are significant in a reverse way in contributing to GDP growth.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of the global digital economy. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) not only on law but also on economics is examined. In the first part, the economics of AI are explored, including topics such as e-globalization and digital economy, corporate governance, risk management, and risk development, followed by a quantitative econometric analysis which utilizes regressions stipulating the scale of the impact. In the second part, the author presents the law of AI, covering topics such as the law of electronic technology, legal issues, AI and intellectual property rights, and legalizing AI. Case studies from different countries are presented, as well as a specific analysis of international law and common law. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of law, economics, and business, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of legal and economic aspects and issues of AI and how to deal with them.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of the global digital economy. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) not only on law but also on economics is examined. In the first part, the economics of AI are explored, including topics such as e-globalization and digital economy, corporate governance, risk management, and risk development, followed by a quantitative econometric analysis which utilizes regressions stipulating the scale of the impact. In the second part, the author presents the law of AI, covering topics such as the law of electronic technology, legal issues, AI and intellectual property rights, and legalizing AI. Case studies from different countries are presented, as well as a specific analysis of international law and common law. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of law, economics, and business, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of legal and economic aspects and issues of AI and how to deal with them. 

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of the global digital economy. The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) not only on law but also on economics is examined. In the first part, the economics of AI are explored, including topics such as e-globalization and digital economy, corporate governance, risk management, and risk development, followed by a quantitative econometric analysis which utilizes regressions stipulating the scale of the impact. In the second part, the author presents the law of AI, covering topics such as the law of electronic technology, legal issues, AI and intellectual property rights, and legalizing AI. Case studies from different countries are presented, as well as a specific analysis of international law and common law. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of law, economics, and business, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of legal and economic aspects and issues of AI and how to deal with them.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of politics. It further examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the nexus between politics, economics, and law. The book raises and answers several important questions: What is the role of AI in politics? Are people prepared for the challenges presented by technical developments? How will Al affect future politics and human society?  How can politics and law deal with Al's disruptive technologies? What impact will AI and technology have on law? How can efficient cooperation between human beings and AI be shaped?  Can artificial intelligence automate public decision-making?Topics discussed in the book include, but are not limited to digital governance, public administration, digital economy, corruption, democracy and voting, legal singularity, separation of power, constitutional rights, GDPR in politics, AI personhood, digital politics, cyberspace sovereignty, cyberspace transactions, and human rights. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of political science, law, and economics, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of political, legal, and economic aspects and issues of AI.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of politics. It further examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the nexus between politics, economics, and law. The book raises and answers several important questions: What is the role of AI in politics? Are people prepared for the challenges presented by technical developments? How will Al affect future politics and human society?  How can politics and law deal with Al''s disruptive technologies? What impact will AI and technology have on law? How can efficient cooperation between human beings and AI be shaped?  Can artificial intelligence automate public decision-making?Topics discussed in the book include, but are not limited to digital governance, public administration, digital economy, corruption, democracy and voting, legal singularity, separation of power, constitutional rights, GDPR in politics, AI personhood, digital politics, cyberspace sovereignty, cyberspace transactions, and human rights. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of political science, law, and economics, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of political, legal, and economic aspects and issues of AI. 

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the alterations and problems caused by new technologies in all fields of politics. It further examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the nexus between politics, economics, and law. The book raises and answers several important questions: What is the role of AI in politics? Are people prepared for the challenges presented by technical developments? How will Al affect future politics and human society?  How can politics and law deal with Al's disruptive technologies? What impact will AI and technology have on law? How can efficient cooperation between human beings and AI be shaped?  Can artificial intelligence automate public decision-making?Topics discussed in the book include, but are not limited to digital governance, public administration, digital economy, corruption, democracy and voting, legal singularity, separation of power, constitutional rights, GDPR in politics, AI personhood, digital politics, cyberspace sovereignty, cyberspace transactions, and human rights. This book is a must-read for scholars and students of political science, law, and economics, as well as policy-makers and practitioners, interested in a better understanding of political, legal, and economic aspects and issues of AI.

The book deals with digital technology which is transforming the landscape of dispute resolution. It illustrates the application of AI in the legal field and shows the future prospect of robo-justice for an AAI society in the advanced artificial intelligence era. In other words, the present justice system and the influence of current AI upon courts and arbitration are investigated. The transforming role of AI on all legal fields is examined thoroughly by giving answers concerning AI legal personality and liability. The analysis shows that digital technology is generating an ever-growing number of disputes and at the same time is challenging the effectiveness and reach of traditional dispute resolution avenues. To that extent, the book presents in tandem the impact of AI upon courts and arbitration, and reveals the role of AAI in generating a new robo-justice system.Finally, the end of the perplexing relation of courts and arbitration is evidenced methodically and comprehensively.

The book deals with digital technology which is transforming the landscape of dispute resolution. It illustrates the application of AI in the legal field and shows the future prospect of robo-justice for an AAI society in the advanced artificial intelligence era. In other words, the present justice system and the influence of current AI upon courts and arbitration are investigated. The transforming role of AI on all legal fields is examined thoroughly by giving answers concerning AI legal personality and liability. The analysis shows that digital technology is generating an ever-growing number of disputes and at the same time is challenging the effectiveness and reach of traditional dispute resolution avenues. To that extent, the book presents in tandem the impact of AI upon courts and arbitration, and reveals the role of AAI in generating a new robo-justice system.

Finally, the end of the perplexing relation of courts and arbitration is evidenced methodically and comprehensively.

 

The book deals with digital technology which is transforming the landscape of dispute resolution. It illustrates the application of AI in the legal field and shows the future prospect of robo-justice for an AAI society in the advanced artificial intelligence era. In other words, the present justice system and the influence of current AI upon courts and arbitration are investigated. The transforming role of AI on all legal fields is examined thoroughly by giving answers concerning AI legal personality and liability. The analysis shows that digital technology is generating an ever-growing number of disputes and at the same time is challenging the effectiveness and reach of traditional dispute resolution avenues. To that extent, the book presents in tandem the impact of AI upon courts and arbitration, and reveals the role of AAI in generating a new robo-justice system.Finally, the end of the perplexing relation of courts and arbitration is evidenced methodically and comprehensively.

This book examines the impact of artificial intelligence on competition and antitrust in today's global digital economy. It scrutinizes the economic and legal ramifications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), addressing the challenges it presents to competition and the law.Beginning with an analysis of AI's developments across various economic sectors, the book highlights the need for updated legislation. It focuses on the digital economy, emphasizing digital platforms' role in shaping competition. Econometric investigations and a novel index assess competition's influence on foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises. Comparing competition practices across jurisdictions like the EU, US, Germany, and China, the book uncovers commonalities and differences in competition law principles. It also explores various theories on competition and competition law, seeking convergence or divergence.This book is an essential resource for scholars, legal professionals,policymakers, and anyone seeking a better understanding of how AI is reshaping competition and antitrust in the digital age.

This book examines the impact of artificial intelligence on competition and antitrust in today's global digital economy. It scrutinizes the economic and legal ramifications of Artificial Intelligence (AI), addressing the challenges it presents to competition and the law.Beginning with an analysis of AI's developments across various economic sectors, the book highlights the need for updated legislation. It focuses on the digital economy, emphasizing digital platforms' role in shaping competition. Econometric investigations and a novel index assess competition's influence on foreign direct investment and multinational enterprises. Comparing competition practices across jurisdictions like the EU, US, Germany, and China, the book uncovers commonalities and differences in competition law principles. It also explores various theories on competition and competition law, seeking convergence or divergence.This book is an essential resource for scholars, legal professionals,policymakers, and anyone seeking a better understanding of how AI is reshaping competition and antitrust in the digital age.