Gertz I. Likhtenshtein – författare

Physical labels such as stable nitroxide radicals, luminescent and photochromic chromophores, so-called Mössbauer atoms and electron-dense assemblies of heavy atoms have proved to be effective tools in solving many problems at the molecular level in biological systems. These physical labels are used as 'molecular rulers' to measure the distances between chosen groups and to measure the size, form and microrelief of objects. By providing information about these factors, the label provides information that can help the scientist to understand the structure of membranes, nucleic acids, enzymes and proteins and how they function. This 1993 volume covers all aspects of this field: the theoretical bases, the experimental techniques, and it also shows how to interpret the resulting data. It also critically discusses some recent results obtained with these techniques and gives an analysis of likely developments in the future.

Physical labels such as stable nitroxide radicals, luminescent and photochromic chromophores, so-called Mössbauer atoms and electron-dense assemblies of heavy atoms have proved to be effective tools in solving many problems at the molecular level in biological systems. These physical labels are used as 'molecular rulers' to measure the distances between chosen groups and to measure the size, form and microrelief of objects. By providing information about these factors, the label provides information that can help the scientist to understand the structure of membranes, nucleic acids, enzymes and proteins and how they function. This 1993 volume covers all aspects of this field: the theoretical bases, the experimental techniques, and it also shows how to interpret the resulting data. It also critically discusses some recent results obtained with these techniques and gives an analysis of likely developments in the future.

"New Trends in Enzyme Catalysis and Biomimetic Chemical Reactions" embraces modern areas of enzyme catalysis where other books in the field concentrate mainly on kinetic, bioorganic and biochemical aspects of the enzyme catalysis and do not cover biophysical and physicochemical problems. Topics covered include: modern physical and kinetic methods of investigation, contemporary theories of elementary chemical processes in enzymes, structure, dynamics and action mechanism of enzyme active sites, concept of pretransition state, theory of long-range electron transfer and proton translocation, mechanisms of "tough" biochemical reactions (dinitrogen reduction, light energy conversation, water photooxidation, hydroxilation), the achievements and problems of biomimetic chemical reactions.

New Trends in Enzyme Catalysis and Biomimetic Chemical Reactions embraces modern areas of enzyme catalysis where other books in the field concentrate mainly on kinetic, bioorganic and biochemical aspects of the enzyme catalysis and do not cover biophysical and physicochemical problems. Topics covered include: -modern physical and kinetic methods of investigation, -contemporary theories of elementary chemical processes in enzymes, -structure, dynamics and action mechanism of enzyme active sites, -concept of pretransition state, -theory of long-range electron transfer and proton translocation, -mechanisms of "tough" biochemical reactions (dinitrogen reduction, light energy conversation, water photooxidation, hydroxilation), -the achievements and problems of biomimetic chemical reactions.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a tiny molecule with tremendous impact in biology, biochemistry, physiology, biomedicine and clinical practice. Nitric oxide, as a signaling molecule, significantly contributes in the regulation of transcriptional, translational and post-translational processes, aging, inflammation, and major human pathologies. This book represents a view on the area from physical chemists with long and broad expertise in chemical biophysics, mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and physical methods for application in biology, in particular. This book forms the physicochemical basis for a deep understanding of the biochemical and physiological impact of nitric oxide. With numerous references to essential literature, this volume provides a tool to fundamental knowledge in all important aspects of the vast area. The book chapters are dedicated to basic physical and chemical properties of nitric oxide, NO donors, NO metallocomplexes, and methods of NO analysis. A general survey is made of data on nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase, an NO receptor, and reactive nitrogen species. Brief reviews of the nitric oxide involving genetics and aging, occurrence of pathology and treatment of cancer, arterial and bone diseases, central nervous systems and neurodegenerative diseases, and other miscellaneous diseases are all presented. This book is intended for scientists working in areas related to the impact of nitric oxide in biochemistry, molecular biology and biophysics, physiology and biomedicine. The book will also be useful for doctors and pharmacologists involved in the clinical practice. This text, as a whole or as separate chapters, can also be employed as subsidiary manuals for instructors, graduate and undergraduate students of university physics, bio-physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and biomedicine departments, and researchers of laboratories for pharmacological companies.

Written by a pioneer in the development of spin labeling in biophysics, this expert book covers the fundamentals of nitroxide spin labeling through cutting-edge applications in chemistry, physics, materials science, molecular biology, and biomedicine.  Nitroxides have earned their place as one of the most popular organic paramagnets due to their suitability as inhibitors of oxidative processes, as a means to polarize magnetic nuclei, and, in molecular biology,  as probes and labels to understand molecular structures and dynamics AS DRAGS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. Beginning with an overview of the basic methodology and nitroxides’ 145-year history, this book equips students with necessary background and techniques to undertake original research and industry work in this growing field.

Written by a pioneer in the development of spin labeling in biophysics, this expert book covers the fundamentals of nitroxide spin labeling through cutting-edge applications in chemistry, physics, materials science, molecular biology, and biomedicine.  Nitroxides have earned their place as one of the most popular organic paramagnets due to their suitability as inhibitors of oxidative processes, as a means to polarize magnetic nuclei, and, in molecular biology,  as probes and labels to understand molecular structures and dynamics AS DRAGS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. Beginning with an overview of the basic methodology and nitroxides’ 145-year history, this book equips students with necessary background and techniques to undertake original research and industry work in this growing field.     

Written by a pioneer in the development of spin labeling in biophysics, this expert book covers the fundamentals of nitroxide spin labeling through cutting-edge applications in chemistry, physics, materials science, molecular biology, and biomedicine.  Nitroxides have earned their place as one of the most popular organic paramagnets due to their suitability as inhibitors of oxidative processes, as a means to polarize magnetic nuclei, and, in molecular biology,  as probes and labels to understand molecular structures and dynamics AS DRAGS FOR CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES. Beginning with an overview of the basic methodology and nitroxides’ 145-year history, this book equips students with necessary background and techniques to undertake original research and industry work in this growing field.

This book embraces all physiochemical aspects of the structure and molecular dynamics of water, focusing on its role in biological objects, e.g. living cells and tissue, and in the formation of functionally active structures of biological molecules and their ensembles. Water is the single most abundant chemical found in all living things. It offers a detailed look into the latest modern physical methods for studying the molecular structure and dynamics of the water and provides a critical analysis of the existing literature data on the properties of water in biological objects. Water as a chemical reagent and as a medium for the formation of conditions for enzymatic catalysis is a core focus of this book. Although well suited for active researchers, the book as a whole, as well as each chapter on its own, can be used as fundamental reference material for graduate and undergraduate students throughout chemistry, physics, biophysics and biomedicine.

This book embraces all physiochemical aspects of the structure and molecular dynamics of water, focusing on its role in biological objects, e.g. living cells and tissue, and in the formation of functionally active structures of biological molecules and their ensembles. Water is the single most abundant chemical found in all living things. It offers a detailed look into the latest modern physical methods for studying the molecular structure and dynamics of the water and provides a critical analysis of the existing literature data on the properties of water in biological objects. Water as a chemical reagent and as a medium for the formation of conditions for enzymatic catalysis is a core focus of this book. Although well suited for active researchers, the book as a whole, as well as each chapter on its own, can be used as fundamental reference material for graduate and undergraduate students throughout chemistry, physics, biophysics and biomedicine.

This book examines enzymatic reactions from the standpoint of physical chemistry. An introductory chapter gives a brief overview of the role of enzymes in metabolism, biotechnology and medicine, while describing the framework for chemical mimicry of enzyme reactions. Subsequent chapters of the book are devoted to a general overview of vital enzyme processes, methods of enzyme kinetic reactions, the theory of elementary mechanisms, oriental, dynamic and polar factors affecting enzyme catalysts, as well as the current status and prospects of enzyme chemical modeling. The book gives particular attention to chemical reactions highly important in modern research efforts, such as the conversion of light energy into chemical energy with a high quantum yield, photooxidation of water, reduction of atmospheric nitrogen, and utilization of carbon dioxide in ambient conditions. The book is intended for scientists working on enzyme catalysis and the adjacent areas such as chemical modeling of biological processes, homogeneous catalysis, biomedical research, biotechnology and bioengineering. In addition, it can serve as secondary instructional material for graduate and undergraduate students of chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, biophysiology, and bioengineering.

This book examines enzymatic reactions from the standpoint of physical chemistry. An introductory chapter gives a brief overview of the role of enzymes in metabolism, biotechnology and medicine, while describing the framework for chemical mimicry of enzyme reactions. Subsequent chapters of the book are devoted to a general overview of vital enzyme processes, methods of enzyme kinetic reactions, the theory of elementary mechanisms, oriental, dynamic and polar factors affecting enzyme catalysts, as well as the current status and prospects of enzyme chemical modeling. The book gives particular attention to chemical reactions highly important in modern research efforts, such as the conversion of light energy into chemical energy with a high quantum yield, photooxidation of water, reduction of atmospheric nitrogen, and utilization of carbon dioxide in ambient conditions. The book is intended for scientists working on enzyme catalysis and the adjacent areas such as chemical modeling of biological processes, homogeneous catalysis, biomedical research, biotechnology and bioengineering. In addition, it can serve as secondary instructional material for graduate and undergraduate students of chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, biophysiology, and bioengineering.

This book examines enzymatic reactions from the standpoint of physical chemistry. An introductory chapter gives a brief overview of the role of enzymes in metabolism, biotechnology and medicine, while describing the framework for chemical mimicry of enzyme reactions. Subsequent chapters of the book are devoted to a general overview of vital enzyme processes, methods of enzyme kinetic reactions, the theory of elementary mechanisms, oriental, dynamic and polar factors affecting enzyme catalysts, as well as the current status and prospects of enzyme chemical modeling. The book gives particular attention to chemical reactions highly important in modern research efforts, such as the conversion of light energy into chemical energy with a high quantum yield, photooxidation of water, reduction of atmospheric nitrogen, and utilization of carbon dioxide in ambient conditions. The book is intended for scientists working on enzyme catalysis and the adjacent areas such as chemical modeling of biological processes, homogeneous catalysis, biomedical research, biotechnology and bioengineering. In addition, it can serve as secondary instructional material for graduate and undergraduate students of chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, biophysics, biophysiology, and bioengineering.

Finally filling a gap in the literature for a text that also adopts the chemist's view of this hot topic, Professor Likhtenshtein, an experiencedauthor and internationally renowned scientist, considers different physical and engineering aspects in solar energy conversion. From theory to real-life systems, he shows exactly which chemical reactions take place when converting light energy, providing an overview of the chemical perspective from fundamentals to molecular harvesting systems and solar cells. This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimatelyhelp this promising, multibillion dollar fi eld to expand. From the contents:* Electron Transfer Theories* Principle Stages of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion* Photochemical Systems of Light Energy Conversion* Redox Processes on Surface of Semiconductors and Metals* Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells* Photocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of Water

Covering all aspects of this field, this volume also critically discusses recent results obtained with the use of nitroxides, while providing an analysis of future developments. Written by a group of scientists with long-term experience in investigating the chemistry, physicochemistry, biochemistry and biophysics of nitroxides, the book is not intended as an exhaustive survey of each topic, but rather a discussion of their theoretical and experimental background, as well as recent advances. The first four chapters expound the general theoretical and experimental background and the advantages of modern ESR technique. Chapter 5 focuses on fundamentals and recent results in the preparation and basic chemical properties, while the next two chapters briefly outline principles and current results in nitroxides as spin probes, and as redox probes and spin traps. These chapters form the basis for the subsequent more detailed studies of nitroxides in physicochemistry, while the final chapters concentrate on the advantages of magnetic materials on the basis of nitroxides. Finally, the concluding chapter considers the rapidly developing field of biomedical, therapeutic and clinical applications. With more than 1,100 references to essential literature, this volume provides fundamental knowledge of instrumentation, data interpretation, capacity and recent advantages of nitroxide applications, allowing readers to understand how nitroxides can help them in solving their own problems.

Finally filling a gap in the literature for a text that also adopts the chemist''s view of this hot topic, Professor Likhtenshtein, an experienced author and internationally renowned scientist, considers different physical and engineering aspects in solar energy conversion. From theory to real-life systems, he shows exactly which chemical reactions take place when converting light energy, providing an overview of the chemical perspective from fundamentals to molecular harvesting systems and solar cells. This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimately help this promising, multibillion dollar fi eld to expand. From the contents: * Electron Transfer Theories * Principle Stages of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion * Photochemical Systems of Light Energy Conversion * Redox Processes on Surface of Semiconductors and Metals * Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells * Photocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of Water

Finally filling a gap in the literature for a text that also adopts the chemist''s view of this hot topic, Professor Likhtenshtein, an experienced author and internationally renowned scientist, considers different physical and engineering aspects in solar energy conversion. From theory to real-life systems, he shows exactly which chemical reactions take place when converting light energy, providing an overview of the chemical perspective from fundamentals to molecular harvesting systems and solar cells. This essential guide will thus help researchers in academia and industry better understand solar energy conversion, and so ultimately help this promising, multibillion dollar fi eld to expand. From the contents: * Electron Transfer Theories * Principle Stages of Photosynthetic Light Energy Conversion * Photochemical Systems of Light Energy Conversion * Redox Processes on Surface of Semiconductors and Metals * Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells * Photocatalytic Reduction and Oxidation of Water