Giorgio Bernardi – författare

Structural genomics is the study of the DNA of living organisms. Evolutionary genomics is the study of the history of the genome. These subjects are closely interlinked. They are approached in this book using as a guideline the investigations carried out in the author''s laboratory, relevant literature is critically reviewed and some general conclusions are presented. The author and his collaborators have studied a vast number of genomes, ranging from prokaryotes to human, using different approaches, including physical chemistry of DNA, viral integration and molecular cytogenetics. As the subtitle indicates the book discusses the fundamental importance of natural selection in shaping genomes. In terms of numbers, neutral and nearly neutral mutations represent most mutations, but a "regional" control is exerted by natural selection (essentially negative or purifying selection). A "neo-selectionist" model is proposed for genome evolution.· Summarizes the existing knowledge on genome organization and evolution in a self-containedbook· Discusses important open problem, without refraining from criticism wheneverappropriate

The concept of network as a mathematical description of a set of states, or events, linked according to a certain topology has been developed recently and has led to a novel approach of real world. This approach is no doubt important in the field of biology. In fact biological systems can be considered networks. Thus, for instance, an enzyme-catalysed reaction is a network that links, according to a certain topology, the various states of the protein and of its complexes with the substrates and products of the chemical reaction. Connections between neurons, social relations in animal and human populations are also examples of networks. Hence there is little doubt that the concept of network transgresses the boundaries between traditional scientific disciplines. This book is aimed at discussing in physical terms these exciting new topics on simple protein model lattices, supramolecular protein edifices, multienzyme and gene networks.*Physical and mathematical approach of biological phenomena.*Offers biochemists and biologists the mathematical background required to understand the text.*Associates in the same general formulation, the ideas of communication of a message and organization of a system.*Provides a clear-cut definition and mathematical expression of the concepts of reduction, integration, emergence and complexity that were so far time-honoured and vague

This volume represents the collected papers presented at the Third Triennial Symposium of the International Basal Ganglia society (IBAGS) held at Capo Boi, Italy, June 10-13, 1989. About 300 members of the society and participants attended the symposium which was held in a delightful environment conducive to the formal and informal exchange of scientific thought. The interdisciplinary nature of the symposium was unique in its coverage of the neurosciences from molecular biology to clinical and behavioural studies. The 80 papers collected here reflect the wide spectrum and the depth of studies on virtually all aspects of the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, this book does not capture the cordial and congenial atmosphere which has characterized this, and all prior symposia of the Society. Any cooperative endeavour of this kind requires a tremendous effort and dedication, usually by a small number of individuals. The Society is especially pleased to acknowledge the support and encouragement of the "Italian Ministry of university and Scientific Research" and the "Italian National. Research Council". In addition the society received financial support from numerous Foundations and corporations, which are listed separately under acknowledgements. Finally the Editors are pleased that Plenum Press, which has published the two previous symposia, has accepted this program for publication. It is our hope that vast scientific efforts reflected in these pages will be widely disseminated and further encourage every kind of research related to the basal ganglia.