Leaded brass has historically been used in potable water systems, however it has been found to leach lead under certain circumstances and therefore alternative non-leaded brass has been developed. Non-leaded brass is defined as brass with no lead added, which typically equates to a lead content of 0.1 percent to 0.25 percent by weight. There are several knowledge gaps associated with the manufacture and performance of in-line and premise plumbing components made using these new non-leaded materials, including operations and maintenance issues that may arise with their use, and their potential for leaching other compounds into the drinking water.? The project developed a series of topic papers that identified the issues and knowledge gaps related to the implementation of non-leaded components in the distribution system. Based on information from the topic papers, research needs were identified and a research agenda for non-leaded brass was developed, with projects identified in the following major issue areas:? Leaching, Performance, and Product Acceptance Criteria? Costs? Plumbing Code Revisions and Marketplace Enforcement? Education and Technology Transfer? Manufacturing Issues? Regulatory Impact and Implementation ? ?

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, a risk management tool, to better protect water quality in distribution systems. HACCP was first conceived in 1959 by the Pillsbury Company to improve food safety for NASA?s manned space missions. Since the 1980s, HACCP has been widely adopted by the food and beverage industry worldwide, where it forms an important part of their food safety plans. Since the mid-1990s, HACCP has been applied by a number of individual drinking water systems and has been incorporated into many drinking water regulatory requirements and guidelines around the globe. The HACCP system complements the current U.S. approach to managing distribution system water quality centered on water quality monitoring and regulatory compliance. It will help utilities focus resources on key risks and improve emphasis on operational processes and controls. The recommended approach is to implement quality assurance programs such as HACCP prior to experiencing waterborne disease outbreaks or other contamination events. A recommended first step is to improve utility programs to meet the AWWA Standard G200-Distribution Systems Operation and Maintenance. The utility may then consider implementing ISO 9001 and 14001 or an integrated management system.

Leaded brass has historically been used in potable water systems, however it has been found to leach lead under certain circumstances and therefore alternative non-leaded brass has been developed. Non-leaded brass is defined as brass with no lead added, which typically equates to a lead content of 0.1 percent to 0.25 percent by weight. There are several knowledge gaps associated with the manufacture and performance of in-line and premise plumbing components made using these new non-leaded materials, including operations and maintenance issues that may arise with their use, and their potential for leaching other compounds into the drinking water.? The project developed a series of topic papers that identified the issues and knowledge gaps related to the implementation of non-leaded components in the distribution system. Based on information from the topic papers, research needs were identified and a research agenda for non-leaded brass was developed, with projects identified in the following major issue areas:? Leaching, Performance, and Product Acceptance Criteria? Costs? Plumbing Code Revisions and Marketplace Enforcement? Education and Technology Transfer? Manufacturing Issues? Regulatory Impact and Implementation ? ?

The purpose of this project was to evaluate the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, a risk management tool, to better protect water quality in distribution systems. HACCP was first conceived in 1959 by the Pillsbury Company to improve food safety for NASA?s manned space missions. Since the 1980s, HACCP has been widely adopted by the food and beverage industry worldwide, where it forms an important part of their food safety plans. Since the mid-1990s, HACCP has been applied by a number of individual drinking water systems and has been incorporated into many drinking water regulatory requirements and guidelines around the globe. The HACCP system complements the current U.S. approach to managing distribution system water quality centered on water quality monitoring and regulatory compliance. It will help utilities focus resources on key risks and improve emphasis on operational processes and controls. The recommended approach is to implement quality assurance programs such as HACCP prior to experiencing waterborne disease outbreaks or other contamination events. A recommended first step is to improve utility programs to meet the AWWA Standard G200-Distribution Systems Operation and Maintenance. The utility may then consider implementing ISO 9001 and 14001 or an integrated management system.