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Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
3 116 kr
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Underlying the most subtle chemical and optical properties of these elements and their compounds in the condensed state are the crystal field effects. This phenomenon in non-metallic compounds is discussed in chapter six. The volume opens with a review of important new solvent extraction procedures as well as emerging alternative separation processes such as photochemical separation, precipitation stripping and supercritical extraction. Scientific and industrial procedures are illustrated. In a further chapter eight major analytical techniques of obtaining accurate trace analysis are examined, tabulated and assessed. The most effective procedures of each are also reviewed. Chapter two considers a wide variety of methods using rare-earth solutions and slats to modify advantageously the costly deterioration of metals and alloys. This topic is expanded in the following chapter, paying particular attention to protection against high-temperature oxidation, sulfidization and hot-salt corrosion. The following two chapters are concerned with the versatility of the rare earths in addressing current technical problems such the use of rare-earth intermetallics, principally LaNi3-based materials, to provide the skyrocketing need for environmetally friendly, usually portable, battery power. The final chapter is a review of the solvation, interaction and coordination of rare-earth salts in a variety of organic solvents including dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, various alcohols, acetonitrile and propylenecarbonate under strict anhydrous conditions. A contrast of these interactions with those in which water is present with organic solvents is also made.
Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
High Energy Spectroscopy
3 116 kr
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The rare earths play a unique role in science. These seventeen related elements afford a panoply of subtle variations deriving from the systematic development of their electronic configurations, allowing a test of theory with excellent resolution. In contrast they find widespread use in even the most mundane processes such as steel making, for polishing materials and gasoline cracking catalysts. In between are exotic uses such as TV screen phosphors, lasers, high strength permanent magnets and chemical probes. This multi-volume handbook covers the entire rare earth field in an integrated manner. Each chapter is a comprehensive up-to-date, critical review of a particular segment of the field. The work offers the researcher and graduate student alike, a complete and thorough coverage of this fascinating field.
Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
3 116 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
881 kr
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Chapter 98 adds significantly to an evaluation of systematic, experimental low-temperature studies of the ambivalent behaviours of cerium (ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, spin glass, superconductivity etc.) which depend upon its environment in materials. The conclusions arrived at should provide new data against which the theory can be advanced.
The next chapter provides a review of rare earth carbides, emphasizing the thermodynamics, phase diagrams, crystal structures and physical properties. The binary rare earth carbides present an exceptionally wide range of compositions and structures both as solids and gas-phase molecules. Complex carbides with additional metal and non-metal components also receive attention.
Metal-rich halides (i.e. compounds with an X/R ratio <2) are the subject of the next chapter. The compounds are classified according to their structure and chemical bonding characteristics and their electrical and magnetic properties are also reviewed.
Chapter 101 deals with the preparation, structure, chemical and physical properties of heavy-metal fluoride glasses. Large amounts of rare earths can be added into these, and they possess a great potential for optical applications in the mid-infrared range as fiber optic glasses for communication and transmission of information, optical wave guides, fiber lasers and sensors.
The following chapter explores the chemical kinetics of solvent and ligand exchange in aqueous lanthanide solutions. A wealth of tabulated information on rate and equilibrium constants is provided in textual and tabular form. Chapter 103 considers the fundamentally important reactions of the lanthanide ions with water. These interactions are discussed for both solids and solutions. The hydrated species are considered in detail for the aqueous solution, revealing the consequences of the lanthanide series sequence.
The concluding chapter reviews macrocyclic complexes formed by rare earth and dioxouranium ions as templates. Synthetic trends and reactivity are considered as well as potential uses of these intriguing wrap-around structures.