Gunther Uhlmann - Böcker

This volume contains a selection of articles based on lectures delivered at the IMA 2001 Summer Program on Geometric Methods in Inverse Problems and PDE Control. The articles are focused around a set of common tools used in the study of inverse coefficient and control problems for PDEs and related differential geometric problems. This book will serve as an excellent starting point for researchers wanting to pursue studies at the intersection of these mathematically exciting and practically important subjects.

Inverse problems arise in practical situations such as medical imaging, geophysical exploration, and non-destructive evaluation where measurements made on the exterior of a body are used to determine properties of the inaccessible interior. There have been substantial developments in the mathematical theory of inverse problems, and applications have expanded greatly. In this volume, leading experts in the theoretical and applied aspects of inverse problems offer extended surveys on several important topics in modern inverse problems, such as microlocal analysis, reflection seismology, tomography, inverse scattering, and X-ray transforms. Each article covers a particular topic or topics with an emphasis on accessibility and integration with the whole volume. Thus the collection can be at the same time stimulating to researchers and accessible to graduate students.

Inverse problems arise in practical situations such as medical imaging, geophysical exploration, and non-destructive evaluation where measurements made on the exterior of a body are used to determine properties of the inaccessible interior. There have been substantial developments in the mathematical theory of inverse problems, and applications have expanded greatly. In this volume, leading experts in the theoretical and applied aspects of inverse problems offer extended surveys on several important topics in modern inverse problems, such as microlocal analysis, reflection seismology, tomography, inverse scattering, and X-ray transforms. Each article covers a particular topic or topics with an emphasis on accessibility and integration with the whole volume. Thus the collection can be at the same time stimulating to researchers and accessible to graduate students.

Inverse problems are those where, from ""external"" observations of a hidden ""black box"" system (a patient's body, nontransparent industrial object, interior of the Earth, etc.), one needs to recover the unknown parameters of the system. A prototypical example is the by now classical Calderon problem, forming the basis of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). In EIT one attempts to determine the electrical conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at the boundary. EIT arises in several applications, including geophysical prospection and medical imaging. Since the original work of Calderon there has been remarkable progress on this problem. This textbook is an introduction to the mathematical theory of the Calderon problem. It includes a thorough account of many important developments. The book is intended for graduate students who are familiar with basics of real, complex, and functional analysis. The text can be used for short or long graduate level courses on this topic. Basic properties of weak solutions of partial differential equations, of Sobolev spaces, and of Fourier transform are developed in the text and appendices. Comprehensive Notes sections with further references to the literature will be helpful for those readers who wish to study this topic further.

Inverse problems lie at the heart of contemporary scientific inquiry and technological development. Applications include a variety of medical and other imaging techniques, which are used for early detection of cancer and pulmonary edema, location of oil and mineral deposits in the Earth's interior, creation of astrophysical images from telescope data, finding cracks and interfaces within materials, shape optimization, model identification in growth processes, and modeling in the life sciences among others. The expository survey essays in this book describe recent developments in inverse problems and imaging, including hybrid or couple-physics methods arising in medical imaging, Calderon's problem and electrical impedance tomography, inverse problems arising in global seismology and oil exploration, inverse spectral problems, and the study of asymptotically hyperbolic spaces. It is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in inverse problems and their applications.

This up-to-date treatment of recent developments in geometric inverse problems introduces graduate students and researchers to an exciting area of research. With an emphasis on the two-dimensional case, topics covered include geodesic X-ray transforms, boundary rigidity, tensor tomography, attenuated X-ray transforms and the Calderón problem. The presentation is self-contained and begins with the Radon transform and radial sound speeds as motivating examples. The required geometric background is developed in detail in the context of simple manifolds with boundary. An in-depth analysis of various geodesic X-ray transforms is carried out together with related uniqueness, stability, reconstruction and range characterization results. Highlights include a proof of boundary rigidity for simple surfaces as well as scattering rigidity for connections. The concluding chapter discusses current open problems and related topics. The numerous exercises and examples make this book an excellent self-study resource or text for a one-semester course or seminar.

This volume contains a selection of articles based on lectures delivered at the IMA 2001 Summer Program on Geometric Methods in Inverse Problems and PDE Control. The articles are focused around a set of common tools used in the study of inverse coefficient and control problems for PDEs and related differential geometric problems. This book will serve as an excellent starting point for researchers wanting to pursue studies at the intersection of these mathematically exciting and practically important subjects.

Inverse problems are those where, from ""external"" observations of a hidden ""black box"" system (a patient's body, nontransparent industrial object, interior of the Earth, etc.), one needs to recover the unknown parameters of the system. A prototypical example is the by now classical Calderon problem, forming the basis of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). In EIT one attempts to determine the electrical conductivity of a medium by making voltage and current measurements at the boundary. EIT arises in several applications, including geophysical prospection and medical imaging. Since the original work of Calderon there has been remarkable progress on this problem. This textbook is an introduction to the mathematical theory of the Calderon problem. It includes a thorough account of many important developments. The book is intended for graduate students who are familiar with basics of real, complex, and functional analysis. The text can be used for short or long graduate level courses on this topic. Basic properties of weak solutions of partial differential equations, of Sobolev spaces, and of Fourier transform are developed in the text and appendices. Comprehensive Notes sections with further references to the literature will be helpful for those readers who wish to study this topic further.