Hans Christoph Wolf – författare

This is the first comprehensive textbook on the physical aspects of organic solids. All phenomena which are necessary in order to understand modern technical applications are being dealt with in a way which makes the concepts of the topics accessible for students. The chapters - from the basics, production and characterization of organic solids and layers to organic semiconductors, superconductors and opto-electronical applications - have been arranged in a logical and well thought-out order.

Die Untersuchung der physikalischen Eigenschaften Organischer Festkörper, insbesondere solcher, deren Bausteine konjugierte p-Elektronen-Systeme enthalten, ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem aktiven und attraktiven Teilgebiet der Festkörperphysik geworden. Hierfür gibt es mehrere Gründe. Zum einen ist es die Vielfalt von Eigenschaften, die sie von den anorganischen Festkörpern unterscheiden. Dazu gehört zum Beispiel die Energieleitung durch Excitonen, also ohne Transport von Ladungen, über größere Distanzen. Mit Hilfe der Chemie lassen sich diese Eigenschaften in weiten Grenzen variieren. Weiter verspricht man sich neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, etwa als Organische Leuchtdioden oder in einer neuartigen molekularen Elektronik, welche die auf anorganischen Halbleitern beruhende Elektronik erweitert und ergänzt. Schließlich sind Organische Festkörper ein Bindeglied zwischen Physik und Biologischer Physik. So hat etwa die Organische Festkörperphysik wichtige Beiträge zur Aufklärung der Elementarprozesse der Photosynthese geleistet. Das Buch ist für Studenten im Wahl- oder Spezial-Vorlesungsbereich geschrieben und für solche, die sich selber forschend in diesem Gebiet betätigen wollen. Darüber hinaus wendet es sich an alle Physiker, Physikochemiker und Chemiker, die ihre Kenntnisse über Festkörper erweitern wollen. Das Buch bietet eine Einführung in die Grundlagen mit Verweisen auf ausführlichere Literatur bis hin zu Problemen der aktuellen Forschung

Die Untersuchung der physikalischen Eigenschaften Organischer Festkörper, insbesondere solcher, deren Bausteine konjugierte p-Elektronen-Systeme enthalten, ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten zu einem aktiven und attraktiven Teilgebiet der Festkörperphysik geworden. Hierfür gibt es mehrere Gründe. Zum einen ist es die Vielfalt von Eigenschaften, die sie von den anorganischen Festkörpern unterscheiden. Dazu gehört zum Beispiel die Energieleitung durch Excitonen, also ohne Transport von Ladungen, über größere Distanzen. Mit Hilfe der Chemie lassen sich diese Eigenschaften in weiten Grenzen variieren. Weiter verspricht man sich neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, etwa als Organische Leuchtdioden oder in einer neuartigen molekularen Elektronik, welche die auf anorganischen Halbleitern beruhende Elektronik erweitert und ergänzt. Schließlich sind Organische Festkörper ein Bindeglied zwischen Physik und Biologischer Physik. So hat etwa die Organische Festkörperphysik wichtige Beiträge zur Aufklärung der Elementarprozesse der Photosynthese geleistet. Das Buch ist für Studenten im Wahl- oder Spezial-Vorlesungsbereich geschrieben und für solche, die sich selber forschend in diesem Gebiet betätigen wollen. Darüber hinaus wendet es sich an alle Physiker, Physikochemiker und Chemiker, die ihre Kenntnisse über Festkörper erweitern wollen. Das Buch bietet eine Einführung in die Grundlagen mit Verweisen auf ausführlichere Literatur bis hin zu Problemen der aktuellen Forschung

Atom- und Quantenphysik führt sorgfältig und leicht verständlich in die Ergebnisse und Methoden der empirischen Atomphysik ein, wobei auch das Rüstzeug der Quantentheorie vermittelt und besonders die Wechselwirkung zwischen Experiment und Theorie herausgearbeitet wird. Die vorliegende achte Auflage enthält neben umfangreichen Aktualisierungen neue Abschnitte zur quantenmechanischen Behandlung des Atoms im Magnetfeld und im elektrischen Feld. Weiter finden sich in dem Kapitel "Fortschritte der Quantenphysik: Tieferes Verständnis und neue Anwendungen" genaue Erläuterungen zur Verschränkung von Wellenfunktionen, dem Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradoxon, den Bellschen Ungleichungen, dem Paradoxon der Schrödingerschen Katze und dem Konzept der Dekohärenz. Das letzte Kapitel führt in die Grundlagen der Quantentheorie der chemischen Bindung ein, welche im zweiten Band der Autoren "Molekülphysik und Quantenchemie" ihre Fortsetzung findet. 177 Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen runden das Buch ab und dienen der Vertiefung.

The highly positive affirmation and wide reception that this book continues to receive from professors and students ahke is the occasion for this 7th edition. Once again we have included a number of valuable suggestions for improvements, which we address as appropriate. In addition, we refer to a number of developments in atomic physics. Of these new developments in regard to exotic atoms, we mention antihydrogen in par­ ticular, because fundamental experiments in matter and antimatter can be expected in the future. Furthermore, we have inserted a chapter on the behaviour of atoms in strong elec­ trical fields. Experiments with corresponding lasers could only recently be realized. We thank our Jenaer colleague, R. Sauerbrey, for his contribution of this chapter. We have also included a new chapter on the behaviour of the hydrogen atom in strong magnetic fields. The results are of profound interest for two very different fields of physics: on the one hand, according to classical physics, one expects chaotic behaviour from Rydberg atoms in magnetic fields that can be created in the laborato­ ry; thus, an association can be drawn to aspects of chaos theory and the problems of quantum chaos. On the other hand, the very strong fields necessary for low quantum numbers are realized in the cosmos, in particular with white dwarfs and neutron stars.

The highly positive affirmation and wide reception that this book continues to receive from professors and students ahke is the occasion for this 7th edition. Once again we have included a number of valuable suggestions for improvements, which we address as appropriate. In addition, we refer to a number of developments in atomic physics. Of these new developments in regard to exotic atoms, we mention antihydrogen in par­ ticular, because fundamental experiments in matter and antimatter can be expected in the future. Furthermore, we have inserted a chapter on the behaviour of atoms in strong elec­ trical fields. Experiments with corresponding lasers could only recently be realized. We thank our Jenaer colleague, R. Sauerbrey, for his contribution of this chapter. We have also included a new chapter on the behaviour of the hydrogen atom in strong magnetic fields. The results are of profound interest for two very different fields of physics: on the one hand, according to classical physics, one expects chaotic behaviour from Rydberg atoms in magnetic fields that can be created in the laborato­ ry; thus, an association can be drawn to aspects of chaos theory and the problems of quantum chaos. On the other hand, the very strong fields necessary for low quantum numbers are realized in the cosmos, in particular with white dwarfs and neutron stars.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book, there have been many im­ portant new developments in the field of molecular physics. The new methods and results which are most significant for students are treated extensively in this second edition. Among these are in particular single-molecule spectroscopy and the field of molecular electronics, which is in a stage of rapid development, including the areas of electroluminescence and organic light-emitting diodes. In addition, we have ex­ tended and corrected the earlier material in a number of places. We have also included exercises in this new edition; they will allow students to deepen their understanding and offer a basis for further individual study. The complete solutions to the exercises can be found on the Internet under www. springeronline. com/3-540-40792-S. We are grateful to Mr. C. -D. Bachem and Dr. Th. Schneider of the Springer­ Verlag for their continuous and very agreeable cooperation during the preparation of the book. We thank our colleague Prof. W. D. Brewer for his competent translation. Stuttgart, February 2004 H. Haken . H. C. Wolf Preface to the First Edition This textbook is intended for use by students of physics, physical chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of atomic and quantum physics at the level provided, for example, by the first few chapters in our book The Physics of Atoms and Quanta.

The highly positive affirmation and wide reception that this book continues to receive from professors and students ahke is the occasion for this 7th edition. Once again we have included a number of valuable suggestions for improvements, which we address as appropriate. In addition, we refer to a number of developments in atomic physics. Of these new developments in regard to exotic atoms, we mention antihydrogen in par­ ticular, because fundamental experiments in matter and antimatter can be expected in the future. Furthermore, we have inserted a chapter on the behaviour of atoms in strong elec­ trical fields. Experiments with corresponding lasers could only recently be realized. We thank our Jenaer colleague, R. Sauerbrey, for his contribution of this chapter. We have also included a new chapter on the behaviour of the hydrogen atom in strong magnetic fields. The results are of profound interest for two very different fields of physics: on the one hand, according to classical physics, one expects chaotic behaviour from Rydberg atoms in magnetic fields that can be created in the laborato­ ry; thus, an association can be drawn to aspects of chaos theory and the problems of quantum chaos. On the other hand, the very strong fields necessary for low quantum numbers are realized in the cosmos, in particular with white dwarfs and neutron stars.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book, there have been many im­ portant new developments in the field of molecular physics. The new methods and results which are most significant for students are treated extensively in this second edition. Among these are in particular single-molecule spectroscopy and the field of molecular electronics, which is in a stage of rapid development, including the areas of electroluminescence and organic light-emitting diodes. In addition, we have ex­ tended and corrected the earlier material in a number of places. We have also included exercises in this new edition; they will allow students to deepen their understanding and offer a basis for further individual study. The complete solutions to the exercises can be found on the Internet under www. springeronline. com/3-540-40792-S. We are grateful to Mr. C. -D. Bachem and Dr. Th. Schneider of the Springer­ Verlag for their continuous and very agreeable cooperation during the preparation of the book. We thank our colleague Prof. W. D. Brewer for his competent translation. Stuttgart, February 2004 H. Haken . H. C. Wolf Preface to the First Edition This textbook is intended for use by students of physics, physical chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of atomic and quantum physics at the level provided, for example, by the first few chapters in our book The Physics of Atoms and Quanta.

Atom- und Quantenphysik führt sorgfältig und leicht verständlich in die Ergebnisse und Methoden der empirischen Atomphysik ein, wobei auch das Rüstzeug der Quantentheorie vermittelt und besonders die Wechselwirkung zwischen Experiment und Theorie herausgearbeitet wird. Die vorliegende achte Auflage enthält neben umfangreichen Aktualisierungen neue Abschnitte zur quantenmechanischen Behandlung des Atoms im Magnetfeld und im elektrischen Feld. Weiter finden sich in dem Kapitel "Fortschritte der Quantenphysik: Tieferes Verständnis und neue Anwendungen" genaue Erläuterungen zur Verschränkung von Wellenfunktionen, dem Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradoxon, den Bellschen Ungleichungen, dem Paradoxon der Schrödingerschen Katze und dem Konzept der Dekohärenz. Das letzte Kapitel führt in die Grundlagen der Quantentheorie der chemischen Bindung ein, welche im zweiten Band der Autoren "Molekülphysik und Quantenchemie" ihre Fortsetzung findet. 177 Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen runden das Buch ab und dienen der Vertiefung.

Since a new edition of our book has once again become necessary, we have as be­ fore taken the opportunity to include the latest developments in atomic and quantum physics. These areas continue to yield new and fascinating experimental and theoret­ ical results which are of fundamental importance and are also extremely interesting to students of science. As a result of newly developed experimental methods and theoretical techniques, it has also become possible to find solutions to some long-es­ tablished problems. In this spirit we have added an entire new chapter dealing with entangled wavefunctions, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, Bell''s inequalities, the paradox of Schrodinger''s cat and the concept of decoherence. In addition, we have treated new ideas relating to quantum computers and the numerous quantum­ physical schemes for constructing them. These new concepts exemplify the rapidly­ developing area of quantum information. Finally, in this new chapter we have included the experimental realisation of the Bose-Einstein condensation and of the atom laser, which promise important new ap­ plications. In Chap. 22, "Modern methods of optical spectroscopy", we have added a new section on nondestructive photon detection as an example of efficient methods for investigating the interactions between atoms and photons in resonant cavities. Con­ sidering the current importance of these areas, we emphasize references to the origi­ nal literature. These can be found in the Bibliography.

Atom- und Quantenphysik führt sorgfältig und leicht verständlich in die Ergebnisse und Methoden der empirischen Atomphysik ein, wobei auch das Rüstzeug der Quantentheorie vermittelt und besonders die Wechselwirkung zwischen Experiment und Theorie herausgearbeitet wird. Die vorliegende siebte Auflage wurde verbessert und durch Berücksichtigung neuer Entwicklungen ergänzt: ein neues Kapitel "Fortschritte der Quantenphysik: Tieferes Verständnis und neue Anwendungen" widmet sich der Verschränkung von Wellenfunktionen, dem Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradoxon, den Bellschen Ungleichungen, dem Paradoxon der Schrödingerschen Katze und dem Konzept der Dekohärenz. Das letzte Kapitel führt in die Grundlagen der Quantentheorie der chemischen Bindung ein, welche im zweiten Band der Autoren "Molekülphysik und Quantenchemie" ihre Fortsetzung findet. 167 Übungen mit vollständigen Lösungen runden das Buch ab und dienen der Vertiefung.

This textbook is intended for use by students of physics, physical chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of atomic and quantum physics at the level provided, for example, by the first few chapters in our book The Physics of Atoms and Quanta. The student of physics will find here material which should be included in the basic education of every physicist. This book should furthermore allow students to acquire an appreciation of the breadth and variety within the field of molecular physics and its future as a fascinating area of research. For the student of chemistry, the concepts introduced in this book will provide a theoretical framework for his or her field of study. With the help of these concepts, it is at least in principle possible to reduce the enormous body of empirical chemical knowledge to a few fundamental rules: those of quantum mechanics. In addition, modem physical methods whose fundamentals are introduced here are becoming increasingly important in chemistry and now represent indispensable tools for the chemist. As examples, we might mention the structural analysis of complex organic compounds, spectroscopic investigation of very rapid reaction processes or, as a practical application, the remote detection of pollutants in the air.

Since the publication of the first edition of this book, there have been many im­ portant new developments in the field of molecular physics. The new methods and results which are most significant for students are treated extensively in this second edition. Among these are in particular single-molecule spectroscopy and the field of molecular electronics, which is in a stage of rapid development, including the areas of electroluminescence and organic light-emitting diodes. In addition, we have ex­ tended and corrected the earlier material in a number of places. We have also included exercises in this new edition; they will allow students to deepen their understanding and offer a basis for further individual study. The complete solutions to the exercises can be found on the Internet under www. springeronline. com/3-540-40792-S. We are grateful to Mr. C. -D. Bachem and Dr. Th. Schneider of the Springer­ Verlag for their continuous and very agreeable cooperation during the preparation of the book. We thank our colleague Prof. W. D. Brewer for his competent translation. Stuttgart, February 2004 H. Haken . H. C. Wolf Preface to the First Edition This textbook is intended for use by students of physics, physical chemistry, and theoretical chemistry. The reader is presumed to have a basic knowledge of atomic and quantum physics at the level provided, for example, by the first few chapters in our book The Physics of Atoms and Quanta.