Hans-Georg Müller – författare

Nutrients have been recognized as essential for maximum growth, successful reproduction, and infection prevention since the 1940s; since that time, the lion's share of nutrient research has focused on defining their role in these processes. Around 1990, however, a major shift began in the way that researchers viewed some nutrients­ particularly the vitamins. This shift was motivated by the discovery that modest declines in vitamin nutritional status are associated with an increased risk of ill-health and disease (such as neural tube defects, heart disease, and cancer), especially in those populations or individuals who are genetically predisposed. In an effort to expand upon this new understanding of nutrient action, nutritionists are increasingly turning their focus to the mathematical modeling of nutrient kinetic data. The availability of suitably-tagged (isotope) nutrients (such as B-carotene, vitamin A, folate, among others), sensitive analytical methods to trace them in humans (mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry), and powerful software (capable of solving and manipulating differential equations efficiently and accurately), has allowed researchers to construct mathematical models aimed at characterizing the dynamic and kinetic behavior of key nutrients in vivo in humans at an unparalleled level of detail.

This monograph reviews some of the work that has been done for longitudi­ nal data in the rapidly expanding field of nonparametric regression. The aim is to give the reader an impression of the basic mathematical tools that have been applied, and also to provide intuition about the methods and applications. Applications to the analysis of longitudinal studies are emphasized to encourage the non-specialist and applied statistician to try these methods out. To facilitate this, FORTRAN programs are provided which carry out some of the procedures described in the text. The emphasis of most research work so far has been on the theoretical aspects of nonparametric regression. It is my hope that these techniques will gain a firm place in the repertoire of applied statisticians who realize the large potential for convincing applications and the need to use these techniques concurrently with parametric regression. This text evolved during a set of lectures given by the author at the Division of Statistics at the University of California, Davis in Fall 1986 and is based on the author's Habilitationsschrift submitted to the University of Marburg in Spring 1985 as well as on published and unpublished work. Completeness is not attempted, neither in the text nor in the references. The following persons have been particularly generous in sharing research or giving advice: Th. Gasser, P. Ihm, Y. P. Mack, V. Mammi tzsch, G . G. Roussas, U. Stadtmuller, W. Stute and R.

This monograph reviews some of the work that has been done for longitudi­ nal data in the rapidly expanding field of nonparametric regression. The aim is to give the reader an impression of the basic mathematical tools that have been applied, and also to provide intuition about the methods and applications. Applications to the analysis of longitudinal studies are emphasized to encourage the non-specialist and applied statistician to try these methods out. To facilitate this, FORTRAN programs are provided which carry out some of the procedures described in the text. The emphasis of most research work so far has been on the theoretical aspects of nonparametric regression. It is my hope that these techniques will gain a firm place in the repertoire of applied statisticians who realize the large potential for convincing applications and the need to use these techniques concurrently with parametric regression. This text evolved during a set of lectures given by the author at the Division of Statistics at the University of California, Davis in Fall 1986 and is based on the author''s Habilitationsschrift submitted to the University of Marburg in Spring 1985 as well as on published and unpublished work. Completeness is not attempted, neither in the text nor in the references. The following persons have been particularly generous in sharing research or giving advice: Th. Gasser, P. Ihm, Y. P. Mack, V. Mammi tzsch, G . G. Roussas, U. Stadtmuller, W. Stute and R.

Nutrients have been recognized as essential for maximum growth, successful reproduction, and infection prevention since the 1940s; since that time, the lion''s share of nutrient research has focused on defining their role in these processes. Around 1990, however, a major shift began in the way that researchers viewed some nutrients­ particularly the vitamins. This shift was motivated by the discovery that modest declines in vitamin nutritional status are associated with an increased risk of ill-health and disease (such as neural tube defects, heart disease, and cancer), especially in those populations or individuals who are genetically predisposed. In an effort to expand upon this new understanding of nutrient action, nutritionists are increasingly turning their focus to the mathematical modeling of nutrient kinetic data. The availability of suitably-tagged (isotope) nutrients (such as B-carotene, vitamin A, folate, among others), sensitive analytical methods to trace them in humans (mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry), and powerful software (capable of solving and manipulating differential equations efficiently and accurately), has allowed researchers to construct mathematical models aimed at characterizing the dynamic and kinetic behavior of key nutrients in vivo in humans at an unparalleled level of detail.

Nutrients have been recognized as essential for maximum growth, successful reproduction, and infection prevention since the 1940s; since that time, the lion's share of nutrient research has focused on defining their role in these processes. Around 1990, however, a major shift began in the way that researchers viewed some nutrients­ particularly the vitamins. This shift was motivated by the discovery that modest declines in vitamin nutritional status are associated with an increased risk of ill-health and disease (such as neural tube defects, heart disease, and cancer), especially in those populations or individuals who are genetically predisposed. In an effort to expand upon this new understanding of nutrient action, nutritionists are increasingly turning their focus to the mathematical modeling of nutrient kinetic data. The availability of suitably-tagged (isotope) nutrients (such as B-carotene, vitamin A, folate, among others), sensitive analytical methods to trace them in humans (mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry), and powerful software (capable of solving and manipulating differential equations efficiently and accurately), has allowed researchers to construct mathematical models aimed at characterizing the dynamic and kinetic behavior of key nutrients in vivo in humans at an unparalleled level of detail.

The German Linguistic Studies Series is a comprehensive and outstanding forum in its field. It has borne the name of its subject in its title since the foundation of the series in the eighth decade of the last century.The series is comprehensive in the broad spectrum of topics covered (language levels, varieties, communication forms, epochs) in the range of research perspectives (theoretical and empirical studies, fundamental research and applications, interdisciplinarity with psychology, the social sciences etc.) and methodologies (the sole criterion is quality), in the rhythm of research (trends are perceived and also set, achievements are secured) and in the forms of presentation (monographs, textbooks, collected volumes, dictionaries).Professorial theses, outstanding doctoral theses, pioneering research findings from wider contexts, but also the surprising ‛stroke of genius’ set the standards for inclusion in the series. Call for Book Proposals: https://blog.degruyter.com/call-for-book-proposals-reihe-germanistische-linguistik/

Die Arbeit stellt die Funktionsweise und den Erwerb der deutschen Groß- und Kleinschreibung auf theoretischer und empirischer Grundlage dar. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet eine textpragmatische Verallgemeinerung bisheriger graphematischer Ansätze, die zu einem übergreifenden Modell des Majuskelgebrauchs im Deutschen erweitert werden und dabei auch nicht-orthografische Teilbereiche einschließen (Versalsatz, Kapitälchen, Binnenmajuskel etc.).

Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden die orthografischen Leistungsdaten von ca. 5.700 Probanden verschiedener Altersklassen (4. Klasse bis Erwachsenenbildung) untersucht und zu einem allgemeinen Erwerbsmodell der Groß- und Kleinschreibung ausgebaut. Mit Hilfe neuronaler Netzwerksimulationen werden unterschiedliche Lernertypen unterschieden und Diskontinuitäten im Kompetenzerwerb nachgewiesen, die auf qualitative Strategiewechsel in der Ontogenese hindeuten. Den Abschluss bilden orthografiedidaktische und rechtschreibdiagnostische Reflexionen der Daten.

Die Arbeit stellt die Funktionsweise und den Erwerb der deutschen Groß- und Kleinschreibung auf theoretischer und empirischer Grundlage dar. Den Ausgangspunkt bildet eine textpragmatische Verallgemeinerung bisheriger graphematischer Ansätze, die zu einem übergreifenden Modell des Majuskelgebrauchs im Deutschen erweitert werden und dabei auch nicht-orthografische Teilbereiche einschließen (Versalsatz, Kapitälchen, Binnenmajuskel etc.).

Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit werden die orthografischen Leistungsdaten von ca. 5.700 Probanden verschiedener Altersklassen (4. Klasse bis Erwachsenenbildung) untersucht und zu einem allgemeinen Erwerbsmodell der Groß- und Kleinschreibung ausgebaut. Mit Hilfe neuronaler Netzwerksimulationen werden unterschiedliche Lernertypen unterschieden und Diskontinuitäten im Kompetenzerwerb nachgewiesen, die auf qualitative Strategiewechsel in der Ontogenese hindeuten. Den Abschluss bilden orthografiedidaktische und rechtschreibdiagnostische Reflexionen der Daten.

Obwohl Kommasetzung zu den am klarsten geregelten Bereichen der Orthografie gehört, bereitet sie auch erfahrenen Schreibern teilweise noch große Probleme. Andererseits beherrschen viele Schreibende die Kommasetzung sehr gut, ohne die zugrundeliegenden Regeln angeben zu können. Sie kommatieren nach Gefühl. Die Arbeit untersucht, welche sprachlichen Merkmale für diese Art der Kommasetzung verantwortlich sind und wie sie das Kommasetzungsverhalten beeinflussen. Offenbar orientieren sich Schreibende in weiten Bereichen an ganz anderen Kriterien als an denen, die von der Orthografiedidaktik bisher als dominant angenommen wurden. Insbesondere spielen semantische und intonatorische Faktoren eine wesentlich größere Rolle als etwa syntaktische, die den amtlichen Kommaregeln zugrunde liegen.