Harrie de Swart – författare

This book was written to serve as an introduction to logic, with in each chapter – if applicable – special emphasis on the interplay between logic and philosophy, mathematics, language and (theoretical) computer science. The reader will not only be provided with an introduction to classical logic, but to philosophical (modal, epistemic, deontic, temporal) and intuitionistic logic as well. The first chapter is an easy to read non-technical Introduction to the topics in the book. The next chapters are consecutively about Propositional Logic, Sets (finite and infinite), Predicate Logic, Arithmetic and Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems, Modal Logic, Philosophy of Language, Intuitionism and Intuitionistic Logic, Applications (Prolog; Relational Databases and SQL; Social Choice Theory, in particular Majority Judgment) and finally, Fallacies and Unfair Discussion Methods. Throughout the text, the author provides some impressions of the historical development of logic: Stoic and Aristotelian logic, logic in the Middle Ages and Frege's Begriffsschrift, together with the works of George Boole (1815-1864) and August De Morgan (1806-1871), the origin of modern logic. Since "if …, then …" can be considered to be the heart of logic, throughout this book much attention is paid to conditionals: material, strict and relevant implication, entailment, counterfactuals and conversational implicature are treated and many references for further reading are given. Each chapter is concluded with answers to the exercises.Philosophical and Mathematical Logic is a very recent book (2018), but with every aspect of a classic. What a wonderful book!Work written with all the necessary rigor, with immense depth, but without giving up clarity and good taste.Philosophy and mathematics go hand in hand with the most diverse themes of logic.An introductory text, but not only that. It goes much further.It's worth diving into the pages of this book, dear reader!Paulo Sérgio Argolo

This book was written to serve as an introduction to logic, with in each chapter – if applicable – special emphasis on the interplay between logic and philosophy, mathematics, language and (theoretical) computer science. The reader will not only be provided with an introduction to classical logic, but to philosophical (modal, epistemic, deontic, temporal) and intuitionistic logic as well. The first chapter is an easy to read non-technical Introduction to the topics in the book. The next chapters are consecutively about Propositional Logic, Sets (finite and infinite), Predicate Logic, Arithmetic and Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorems, Modal Logic, Philosophy of Language, Intuitionism and Intuitionistic Logic, Applications (Prolog; Relational Databases and SQL; Social Choice Theory, in particular Majority Judgment) and finally, Fallacies and Unfair Discussion Methods. Throughout the text, the author provides some impressions of the historical development of logic: Stoic and Aristotelian logic, logic in the Middle Ages and Frege''s Begriffsschrift, together with the works of George Boole (1815-1864) and August De Morgan (1806-1871), the origin of modern logic. Since "if …, then …" can be considered to be the heart of logic, throughout this book much attention is paid to conditionals: material, strict and relevant implication, entailment, counterfactuals and conversational implicature are treated and many references for further reading are given. Each chapter is concluded with answers to the exercises.Philosophical and Mathematical Logic is a very recent book (2018), but with every aspect of a classic. What a wonderful book!Work written with all the necessary rigor, with immense depth, but without giving up clarity and good taste.Philosophy and mathematics go hand in hand with the most diverse themes of logic.An introductory text, but not only that. It goes much further.It''s worth diving into the pages of this book, dear reader!

Paulo Sérgio Argolo

This graduate textbook introduces to social choice theory, with a specific focus on elections and fair division, supported by mathematical theories and practical implications. Part I sheds light on the complexity of fair elections, and presents classical results from social choice theory, including May's, Arrow's, and Gibbard-Satterthwaite's theorems, and how they impact the organization of fair elections. They also discuss the measurement of voting power in such elections via the Penrose-Banzhaf index and the Shapley-Shubik index. Besides these more or less classical topics, the authors introduce Balinski and Laraki's transformative Majority Judgment framework.  Moreover, Part I concludes by critically addressing flaws in contemporary Western democracies and proposing an alternative political system.In Part II, the book dissects claims-based and preference-based fair division, explaining that the focus will be on the former. In particular, the focus will be on models that can elaborate on and make precise the thought that `fairness requires that claims are satisfied in proportion to their strength’,  as advocated for in the philosophical literature. The authors scrutinize various formal models, ranging from (weighted) bankruptcy problems to cooperative games, assessing their alignment with this claims-based conception of fairness. Part II concludes with a brief overview of preference-based fair division. This textbook is a crucial resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students and scholars, bridging the worlds of mathematics, philosophy, political theory, and social justice.

This graduate textbook introduces to social choice theory, with a specific focus on elections and fair division, supported by mathematical theories and practical implications. Part I sheds light on the complexity of fair elections, and presents classical results from social choice theory, including May's, Arrow's, and Gibbard-Satterthwaite's theorems, and how they impact the organization of fair elections. They also discuss the measurement of voting power in such elections via the Penrose-Banzhaf index and the Shapley-Shubik index. Besides these more or less classical topics, the authors introduce Balinski and Laraki's transformative Majority Judgment framework.  Moreover, Part I concludes by critically addressing flaws in contemporary Western democracies and proposing an alternative political system.In Part II, the book dissects claims-based and preference-based fair division, explaining that the focus will be on the former. In particular, the focus will be on models that can elaborate on and make precise the thought that `fairness requires that claims are satisfied in proportion to their strength’,  as advocated for in the philosophical literature. The authors scrutinize various formal models, ranging from (weighted) bankruptcy problems to cooperative games, assessing their alignment with this claims-based conception of fairness. Part II concludes with a brief overview of preference-based fair division. This textbook is a crucial resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students and scholars, bridging the worlds of mathematics, philosophy, political theory, and social justice.

Relational structures abound in our daily environment: relational databases, data mining, scaling procedures, preference relations, etc. As the documentation of scientific results achieved within the European COST Action 274, TARSKI, this book advances the understanding of relational structures and the use of relational methods in various application fields.The 12 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected for presentations. The papers are devoted to mechanization of relational reasoning, relational scaling and preferences, and algebraic and logical foundations of real world relations.

This book is a follow-up of LNCS volume 2929 with the same title, and presents the major results of COST action 274 (2002-2005), TARSKI: Theory and - plications of Relational Structures as Knowledge Instruments. Relational structures abound in the daily environment: relational databases, data-mining, scaling procedures, preference relations, etc. Reasoning about, and with, relations has a long-standing European tradition, which may be divided into three broad areas: 1. Algebraic Logic: algebras of relations, relational semantics, and algebras and logics derived from information systems. 2. Computational Aspects of Automated Relational Reasoning: decidability and complexity of algorithms, network satisfaction. 3. Applications: social choice, AI, linguistics, psychology, economics, etc. The main objective of the ?rst TARSKI book (LNCS 2929) was to advance the understanding of relational structures and the use of relational methods in applicable object domains. There were the following sub-objectives: 1. Tostudythesemanticalandsyntacticalaspectsofrelationalstructuresarising from ‘real world’ situations 2. To investigateautomatedinference for relationalsystems, and, wherepossible or feasible, develop deductive systems which can be implemented into industrial applications, such as diagnostic systems 3. To develop non-invasive scaling methods for predicting relational data 4. To make software for dealing with relational systems commonly available We are con?dent that the present book will further the understanding of int- disciplinary issues involving relational reasoning. This book consists of papers which give a clear and self-contained overview of the results obtained by the TARSKI action, typically obtained by di?erent persons from di?erent work - eas.

This book is a follow-up of LNCS volume 2929 with the same title, and presents the major results of COST action 274 (2002-2005), TARSKI: Theory and - plications of Relational Structures as Knowledge Instruments. Relational structures abound in the daily environment: relational databases, data-mining, scaling procedures, preference relations, etc. Reasoning about, and with, relations has a long-standing European tradition, which may be divided into three broad areas: 1. Algebraic Logic: algebras of relations, relational semantics, and algebras and logics derived from information systems. 2. Computational Aspects of Automated Relational Reasoning: decidability and complexity of algorithms, network satisfaction. 3. Applications: social choice, AI, linguistics, psychology, economics, etc. The main objective of the ?rst TARSKI book (LNCS 2929) was to advance the understanding of relational structures and the use of relational methods in applicable object domains. There were the following sub-objectives: 1. Tostudythesemanticalandsyntacticalaspectsofrelationalstructuresarising from ‘real world’ situations 2. To investigateautomatedinference for relationalsystems, and, wherepossible or feasible, develop deductive systems which can be implemented into industrial applications, such as diagnostic systems 3. To develop non-invasive scaling methods for predicting relational data 4. To make software for dealing with relational systems commonly available We are con?dent that the present book will further the understanding of int- disciplinary issues involving relational reasoning. This book consists of papers which give a clear and self-contained overview of the results obtained by the TARSKI action, typically obtained by di?erent persons from di?erent work - eas.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12 International Conference on Relational and Algebraic Methods in Computer Science, RAMICS 2011, held in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, in May/June 2011.This conference merges the RelMICS (Relational Methods in Computer Science) and AKA (Applications of Kleene Algebra) conferences, which have been a main forum for researchers who use the calculus of relations and similar algebraic formalisms as methodological and conceptual tools. Relational and algebraic methods and software tools turn out to be useful for solving problems in social choice and game theory. For that reason this conference included a special track on Computational Social Choice and Social Software. The 18 papers included were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. In addition the volume contains 2 invited tutorials and 5 invited talks.