Heinz Lübbig - Böcker

No detailed description available for "SQUID - Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices and their Applications".

No detailed description available for "SQUID '85 Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices and their Applications".

Single-electron tunneling (SET) and related phenomena have recently come to be considered as "hot topics". This also became apparent when we organized the 4th International Conference on Superconducting and Quantum Effect Devices and Their Applications, SQUID'91, which was held June 18-21, 1991, in Berlin, Germany. Impressed by the number of contributions dedicated to the new physics of ultrasmall devices, we deemed it appropriate to devote this volume of the Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics to these specialized proceedings. The other contributions presented at SQUID'91, which are more conventional in character but nevertheless contain excitingly innovative results, are published separately as Volume 64 of the series Springer Proceedings in Physics. At first glance it seems strange that a conference abbreviated SQUID'91 should attract so many papers on non-superconducting devices, and in fact the first SQUID'XX conferences dealt exclusively with the physics and technology of Josephson junctions, SQUIDs and other superconducting devices and their ap­ plications. However, many concepts developed for superconducting devices, like tunneling, flux quantization, and flux-charge conjugation, appeared to be suitable for ultrasmall non-superconducting structures as well, and many researchers in the field of superconducting devices extended their activities accordingly. Thus the extension of the conference programme evolved quite informally. Meanwhile, the meetings established themselves as well-known conference series tradition­ ally appreciated by the SQUID community for its balanced mixture of physics and technology, review and preview. SQUID'XX became a kind of a trademark.

Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivityconsiderable progress has been made in research anddevelopment of superconductive electronic devices. This factis reflected by the large variety of contributions to the4th International Conference on Superconducting and QuantumEffect Devices and their Applications - SQUID'91. Thiscomprehensive proceedings volume covers Josephson junctions,SQUIDs, radiation detectors, flux-flow transitors.. The mainapplications are contained in the chapters on biomagneticinstrumentation, metrologym and rf-applications. The purposeof this volume is to provide an up-to-date reference book onthestatus of this rapidly changing and promising field ofelectronic device research on the basis of low- andhigh-temperature materials.

In 1887, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was originally founded as the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) in Berlin in order to promote basic research in physics. It subsequently developed into the largest research center worldwide as a place where scientists could concentrate exclusively on their research subject, and served as a model for similar institutes established in other countries.Within a very short time, the PTR produced extremely important scientific results that cemented its international position at the top, such as Max Planck's radiation law and energy quantization theory as well as Walther Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect which represented a turning point in the field of superconductivity. This book describes the scientific and industrial milieu of the time, and explains in detail the role of the key people, including Albert Einstein's involvement with the PTR. A brief discussion on how the PTR was affected by the Nazi dictatorship in Germany is also given.