Helge Ole Bergesen – författare

This edition includes the new Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters and the Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. � Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), including UN specialized agencies objectives ,Country Profiles Summaries of the performance and main commitments of 15 OECD countries in addition to Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand. Originally published in 1999

Since the late 1980s, when the current tide of environmentalconcern began to rise, every improvement made by the oil industryhas been followed by new demands for further progress. New problemshave been placed on top of the old ones; first smog in the innercities and oil spills on the beaches, then acid rain and forest dieback followed by major tank disasters and renewed attention tourban air quality and finally, climatic change. The purpose of thisbook is to investigate whether the oil industry is able to extendand renew its social legitimacy as it faces its toughest agenda ina century the challenges stemming from its impact on theenvironment and the consequent public questioning of its role insociety. To find out whether and how the oil industry has respondedto environmental issues in general and climatic change inparticular, five indicators of change vision & image, R&D,investments, and government relations have been selected. Thesehave been assumed to be expressions of an environmental strategywhich can be identified as reactive, cautious or creative. Theempirical analysis begins with case studies of the environmentalresponse of five major oil companies: Shell, Exxon, BP, Amoco andStatoil. The next step is a case study of the refinery sector,which is the most environmentally sensitive part of the industry inmany ways. In addition, a brief description of how three industryassociations have tackled the same environmental issues isincluded. The main readership for this book will be policy makers,planners and researchers in the oil industry, and environmentalconsultants.

Explores how much and what the World Bank and the United Nations can really be expected to achieve. The text begins with a detailed account of the evolution of the two organizations as multilateral development institutions and then focuses on the functions that the World Bank and the UN carry out, and the governing structures that underlie their activities. The authors then go on to question what need there is for these two multilateral institutions in the next century and which tasks they can undertake in promoting world development.Both the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank have repeatedly proclaimed their solemn ambitions to improve the lot of humankind. Dinosaurs or Dynamos? explores how much, and what, they can really be expected to do. Both have extended their functions far beyond their original mandates, while their decision-making structures have remained basically unaltered despite recent adaptations on the part of the World Bank.Such expansions have created serious strains on both organizations. The UN has ambitions to perform tasks, such as the search for 'good governance' and 'sustainable development', for which it is ill equipped. The World Bank has taken on normative functions - 'the premier development institution' - that are incompatible with its traditional structures.The authors ask, what need is there for these two multilateral development institutions in the next century? Which tasks in promoting world development can they undertake that others cannot? To whom are these institutions politically accountable, who sets their agendas and are they credible given financial constraints? Dinosaurs or Dynamos? is an essential guide for those working within the international community, non-governmental organizations, governments and students of development, economics, politics and international relations.

The Recalcitrant Rich is a collection of sharp and fairly short sketches and explanations of the responses to developing-country demands by seven West European countries, the European Community, the United States of America and the U.S.S.R. It aims to analyse the responses of the North to the demands from the South for those political and economic changes that collectively constitute the ‘New International Economic Order’ package.

This eighth annual edition analyzes the international community's position on specific environment and development problems, the main obstacles to effective international solutions, and how to overcome them. It assesses both the achievements and shortcomings of co-operation, distinguishing between the rhetoric and the reality of environmental world politics.

List of Contents * Current Issues and Key Themes * Agreements on Environment and Development Systematically listed key data and illustrations concerning the most important international agreements presented on the basis of information from the organizations in question and other sources, covering such matters as: objectives ? scope ? time and place of establishment ? status of participation ? affiliated instruments and organizations ? major activities ? secretariat ? finance ? rules and standards ? monitoring and implementation ? decision-making bodies ? key publications ? Internet sources. This edition includes the new Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in decision Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters and the Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade. * Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs), including UN specialized agencies objectives ? type of organization ? membership ? date of establishment ? secretariat ? activities ? decision-making bodies ? finance ? key publications ? Internet sources. * International Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) * objectives ? type of organization ? membership ? date of establishment ? secretariat ? activities ? budget ? key publications ? Internet sources. * Country Profiles Summaries of the performance and main commitments of 15 OECD countries in addition to Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, South Africa, and Thailand.Originally published in 1999