Hema Singh - Böcker

The design and development of low radar cross section (RCS) phased array has been a challenging subject in stealth technology. The frequency selective surface elements act as absorbers in specific frequency band and facilitate gain enhancement and reduction of antenna RCS. This book presents a comprehensive EM design and analysis of such low-profile patch arrays with high impedance surface-based ground plane. It explains how to determine radiation mode RCS of low-profile antenna arrays with arbitrary configurations. Detailed descriptions of design, workflow of determining radiation and scattering behavior of antenna arrays have been supported with schematics, tables, and illustrations. Aimed at engineers and researchers for RCS, antenna engineers and graduate students in electrical engineering and electromagnetics, it• Discusses both radiation and scattering features of both planar and conformal HIS-based low profile antennas• Describes the theoretical background, design, simulations and analysis of low RCS phased array in detail• Presents the physics behind the resultant radiation and scattering characteristics of designed antenna array• Helps readers understand design and analysis of low RCS antenna array without any degradation in its radiation performance• Includes figures, schematics and illustrations to provide comprehensive descriptions of both radiation and scattering characteristics of phased arrays of different configurations

The design and development of low radar cross section (RCS) phased array has been a challenging subject in stealth technology. The frequency selective surface elements act as absorbers in specific frequency band and facilitate gain enhancement and reduction of antenna RCS. This book presents a comprehensive EM design and analysis of such low-profile patch arrays with high impedance surface-based ground plane. It explains how to determine radiation mode RCS of low-profile antenna arrays with arbitrary configurations. Detailed descriptions of design, workflow of determining radiation and scattering behavior of antenna arrays have been supported with schematics, tables, and illustrations. Aimed at engineers and researchers for RCS, antenna engineers and graduate students in electrical engineering and electromagnetics, it• Discusses both radiation and scattering features of both planar and conformal HIS-based low profile antennas• Describes the theoretical background, design, simulations and analysis of low RCS phased array in detail• Presents the physics behind the resultant radiation and scattering characteristics of designed antenna array• Helps readers understand design and analysis of low RCS antenna array without any degradation in its radiation performance• Includes figures, schematics and illustrations to provide comprehensive descriptions of both radiation and scattering characteristics of phased arrays of different configurations

Stealth technology is a crucial pre-requisite in the combat zone, where swiftness, surprise and initiative are the decisive elements for survivability. The supreme goal here is to reduce the visibility of military vehicles by shaping, application of radar absorbing materials, passive cancellation, active cancellation etc. With respect to multilayered radar absorbing structures (RAS), this book presents an efficient algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), for the material selection as well as optimization of thickness of multilayered RAS models considering both normal as well as oblique incidence cases. It includes a thorough overview of the theoretical background required for the analysis of multilayered RAS as well as the step-by-step procedure for the implementation of PSO-based algorithm. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the indigenously developed code is also clearly established using relevant validations and case studies.FEATURES Provides step-by-step procedure for the implementation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm in the context of multilayered radar absorbing structures (RAS) design Helps to understand the EM design, analysis and optimization of multilayered RAS Describes the theoretical background required for the analysis of multilayered RAS Illustrates in detail the theoretical formulation supported by intuitive ray diagrams and comprehensive flowcharts to implement the algorithm with ease Includes elaborate validations and case studiesThis book will serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, scientists, and engineers involved in the electromagnetic design and development of multi-layered radar absorbing structures.

Stealth technology is a crucial pre-requisite in the combat zone, where swiftness, surprise and initiative are the decisive elements for survivability. The supreme goal here is to reduce the visibility of military vehicles by shaping, application of radar absorbing materials, passive cancellation, active cancellation etc. With respect to multilayered radar absorbing structures (RAS), this book presents an efficient algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), for the material selection as well as optimization of thickness of multilayered RAS models considering both normal as well as oblique incidence cases. It includes a thorough overview of the theoretical background required for the analysis of multilayered RAS as well as the step-by-step procedure for the implementation of PSO-based algorithm. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the indigenously developed code is also clearly established using relevant validations and case studies.FEATURES Provides step-by-step procedure for the implementation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based algorithm in the context of multilayered radar absorbing structures (RAS) design Helps to understand the EM design, analysis and optimization of multilayered RAS Describes the theoretical background required for the analysis of multilayered RAS Illustrates in detail the theoretical formulation supported by intuitive ray diagrams and comprehensive flowcharts to implement the algorithm with ease Includes elaborate validations and case studiesThis book will serve as a valuable resource for students, researchers, scientists, and engineers involved in the electromagnetic design and development of multi-layered radar absorbing structures.

This book discusses the active and passive radar cross section (RCS) estimation and techniques to examine the low observable aerospace platforms. It begins with the fundamentals of RCS, followed by the dielectric, magnetic and metamaterials parameters of the constituent materials and then explains various methods and the emerging trends followed in this area of study. The RCS estimation of phased array including the mutual coupling effect is also presented in detail in the book. The active RCS reduction is carefully touched upon through the performance of phased arrays, sidelobe cancellers and mitigation of multipath effect. Providing information on various adaptive algorithms like least mean square (LMS), recursive least square (RLS) and weighted least square algorithms, the authors also mention the recent developments in the area of embedded antennas, conformal load bearing antenna, metamaterials and frequency selective surface (FSS) based RCS reduction.

The role of plasma parameters, such as electron density, collision frequency, plasma thickness, and plasma density profile in the absorption behavior of multi-layered plasma-RAM structure is described.

This book considers a cylindrical phased array with microstrip patch antenna elements and half-wavelength dipole antenna elements. It is shown that array along with adaptive algorithm is able to cater to an arbitrary signal environment even when the platform effect and mutual coupling is taken into account.

This book presents a detailed analytical formulation, and step-by-step design procedure for the electromagnetic (EM) design of radar absorbing structures (RAS). It discusses both the equivalent circuit model and Smith chart approach with illustrations to provide a clear understanding of the steps involved in designing multilayered RAS according to the desired specifications. This book is a valuable resource for beginners, academicians, and R&D engineers working in the field of RAS design and development.

This book presents a novel methodology for the computation of RCS of metallic structures using a parallelized version of NEC in conjunction with a finite element preprocessor which has been strategically incorporated for simplifying geometry modelling catering to NEC guidelines.

In this book, the RCS of a parallel-fed linear and planar dipole array is derived using an approximate method. The signal propagation within the phased array system determines the radar cross section (RCS) of phased array. A phased array system comprises of radiating elements followed by phase shifters, couplers, and terminating load impedance.

This book presents a comprehensive review of plasma-based stealth, covering the basics, methods, parametric analysis, and challenges towards the realization of the idea. The book starts with the basics of EM wave interactions with plasma, briefly discuss the methods used to analyze the propagation characteristics of plasma, and its generation.

This book presents electromagnetic (EM) design and analysis of dipole antenna array over high impedance substrate (HIS). HIS is a preferred substrate for low-profile antenna design, owing to its unique boundary conditions. Such substrates permit radiating elements to be printed on them without any disturbance in the radiation characteristics. Moreover HIS provides improved impedance matching, enhanced bandwidth, and increased broadside directivity owing to total reflection from the reactive surface and high input impedance. This book considers different configurations of HIS for array design on planar and non-planar high-impedance surfaces. Results are presented for cylindrical dipole, printed dipole, and folded dipole over single- and double-layered square-patch-based HIS and dogbone-based HIS. The performance of antenna arrays is analyzed in terms of performance parameters such as return loss and radiation pattern. The design presented shows acceptable return loss and mainlobe gain of radiation pattern. This book provides an insight to EM design and analysis of conformal arrays. This book serves as an introduction for beginners in the design and analysis of HIS-based antenna arrays. It includes pictorial description of both planar and non-planar array design and the detailed discussion of the performance analysis of HIS-based planar and non-planar antenna array. It will prove useful to researchers and professionals, alike.

This book presents a simple and systematic description of EM design of antenna arrays. This book includes the EM design and performance analysis of printed dipole arrays on planar and cylindrical substrates. The book explains fundamentals of EM design and analysis of dipole antenna array through numerous illustrations.

This book presents the detailed analytical formulation for the RCS of parallel-fed linear dipole array in the presence of mutual coupling. This book explains each step of the RCS estimation and analysis of dipole array with detailed schematics, tables and illustrations.

In practical phased array, one cannot ignore the finite dimensions of antenna elements, coupling effect and the role of feed network while estimating the antenna RCS.

This book focuses on determination of scattering of parallel-fed planar dipole arrays in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients at different levels of the array system. The planar dipole array is considered as a stacked linear dipole array.

In this book, a modified improved LMS algorithm is employed for weight adaptation of dipole array for the generation of beam pattern in multiple signal environments. In phased arrays, the generation of adapted pattern according to the signal scenario requires an efficient adaptive algorithm. The antenna array is expected to maintain sufficient gain towards each of the desired source while at the same time suppress the probing sources. This cancels the signal transmission towards each of the hostile probing sources leading to active cancellation. In the book, the performance of dipole phased array is demonstrated in terms of fast convergence, output noise power and output signal-to-interference-and noise ratio. The mutual coupling effect and role of edge elements are taken into account. It is established that dipole array along with an efficient algorithm is able to maintain multilobe beamforming with accurate and deep nulls towards each probing source. This work has application to the active radar cross section (RCS) reduction. This book consists of formulation, algorithm description and result discussion on active cancellation of hostile probing sources in phased antenna array. It includes numerous illustrations demonstrating the theme of the book for different signal environments and array configurations. The concepts in this book are discussed in an easy-to-understand manner, making it suitable even for the beginners in the field of phased arrays and adaptive array processing.