Ingwer Borg – författare

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a technique for the analysis of similarity or dissimilarity data on a set of objects. Such data may be intercorrelations of test items, ratings of similarity on political candidates, or trade indices for a set of countries. MDS attempts to model such data as distances among points in a geometric space. The main reason for doing this is that one wants a graphical display of the structure of the data, one that is much easier to understand than an array of numbers and, moreover, one that displays the essential information in the data, smoothing out noise. There are numerous varieties of MDS. Some facets for distinguishing among them are the particular type of geometry into which one wants to map the data, the mapping function, the algorithms used to find an optimal data representation, the treatment of statistical error in the models, or the possibility to represent not just one but several similarity matrices at the same time. Other facets relate to the different purposes for which MDS has been used, to various ways of looking at or "interpreting" an MDS representation, or to differences in the data required for the particular models. In this book, we give a fairly comprehensive presentation of MDS. For the reader with applied interests only, the first six chapters of Part I should be sufficient. They explain the basic notions of ordinary MDS, with an emphasis on how MDS can be helpful in answering substantive questions.

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This book introduces multidimensional scaling (MDS) and unfolding as data analysis techniques for applied researchers. MDS is used for the analysis of proximity data on a set of objects, representing the data as distances between points in a geometric space (usually of two dimensions). Unfolding is a related method that maps preference data (typically evaluative ratings of different persons on a set of objects) as distances between two sets of points (representing the persons and the objects, resp.).This second edition has been completely revised to reflect new developments and the coverage of unfolding has also been substantially expanded. Intended for applied researchers whose main interests are in using these methods as tools for building substantive theories, it discusses numerous applications (classical and recent), highlights practical issues (such as evaluating model fit), presents ways to enforce theoretical expectations for the scaling solutions, and addresses the typical mistakes that MDS/unfolding users tend to make. Further, it shows how MDS and unfolding can be used in practical research work, primarily by using the smacof package in the R environment but also Proxscal in SPSS. It is a valuable resource for psychologists, social scientists, and market researchers, with a basic understanding of multivariate statistics (such as multiple regression and factor analysis).

This book introduces multidimensional scaling (MDS) and unfolding as data analysis techniques for applied researchers. MDS is used for the analysis of proximity data on a set of objects, representing the data as distances between points in a geometric space (usually of two dimensions). Unfolding is a related method that maps preference data (typically evaluative ratings of different persons on a set of objects) as distances between two sets of points (representing the persons and the objects, resp.).

This second edition has been completely revised to reflect new developments and the coverage of unfolding has also been substantially expanded. Intended for applied researchers whose main interests are in using these methods as tools for building substantive theories, it discusses numerous applications (classical and recent), highlights practical issues (such as evaluating model fit), presents ways to enforce theoretical expectations for the scaling solutions, and addresses the typical mistakes that MDS/unfolding users tend to make. Further, it shows how MDS and unfolding can be used in practical research work, primarily by using the smacof package in the R environment but also Proxscal in SPSS. It is a valuable resource for psychologists, social scientists, and market researchers, with a basic understanding of multivariate statistics (such as multiple regression and factor analysis).

 

 

This book introduces MDS as a psychological model and as a data analysis technique for the applied researcher. It also discusses, in detail, how to use two MDS programs, Proxscal (a module of SPSS) and Smacof (an R-package). The book is unique in its orientation on the applied researcher, whose primary interest is in using MDS as a tool to build substantive theories. This is done by emphasizing practical issues (such as evaluating model fit), by presenting ways to enforce theoretical expectations on the MDS solution, and by discussing typical mistakes that MDS users tend to make.  The primary audience of this book are psychologists, social scientists, and market researchers. No particular background knowledge is required, beyond a basic knowledge of statistics.

Mitarbeiterbefragungen werden heute in vielen Unternehmen eingesetzt, um den strategischen und operativen Fortschritt zu messen, zu prognostizieren und zu beschleunigen. Der Band stellt in kompakter Form alle wesentlichen Überlegungen und Schritte einer erfolgreichen Mitarbeiterbefragung (MAB) praxisorientiert und wissenschaftlich fundiert dar. Von der Positionierung des Projektes bis zu nachfolgenden Aktionen oder Reaktionen wird die MAB-Technik Schritt für Schritt vorgestellt. Insbesondere wird auch auf die verschiedenen Chancen, Risiken und Kosten einer Mitarbeiterbefragung eingegangen. Das Buch soll den Personalspezialisten und den Linienmanager befähigen, eine Mitarbeiterberfragung anzulegen, gegebenenfalls selbst durchzuführen oder optimal zu nutzen.

Mitarbeiterbefragungen gehören zu den am häufigsten verwendeten Instrumenten in der Organisationsführung und -entwicklung. Sie dienen dazu, den Zustand einer Organisation im Hinblick auf die "weichen Faktoren", wie Führung und Mitarbeiter, zu messen und den strategischen Fortschritt zu beschleunigen. Das Buch stellt alle für die erfolgreiche Durchführung einer Mitarbeiterbefragung notwendigen Überlegungen und Schritte praxisorientiert, detailliert und wissenschaftlich fundiert dar.Die dritte Auflage des Buches wurde gründlich überarbeitet, auf den neuesten Stand gebracht und erheblich erweitert. Dabei wurden die Folgeprozesse von Mitarbeiterbefragungen, beginnend mit der Ergebnispräsentation für die Geschäftsleitung bis hin zu verschiedenen Workshops auf Management- und Mitarbeiterebene, deutlicher in den Vordergrund gerückt und durch zahlreiche Tipps, Hinweise und Checklisten praxisnah beschrieben.