James Michael Lampinen - Böcker

Contemporary research has found that memory is much more than the process for recalling information that has been learned and retainedóit is a rich, nuanced process that is an important part of every human activity. This highly readable foundational text provides an overview of the theories and research on human memory from a psychological perspective. Grounded in the premise that all psychological processes depend on memory, and that memory is shaped by the functions it serves, the authors look at a wide range of memory processes and discuss the major theories that have been developed to explain how it functions.This book describes the major structural and functional theories that guide our understanding of memory. The authors then focus on everyday functions of memory, including memorizing things, remembering to do things (prospective memory), and recalling how to do things, such as skills, procedures, and navigation. Disorders of memory including Alzheimer's and amnesia are examined along with exceptional memory skills, such as the phenomenon of individuals with highly superior autobiographical memory. The book also addresses the intriguing and controversial topics of repressed and recovered memories, the validity of memory in courtroom testimony, and the effects of remembering traumatic events. Illustrative examples, metaphors, and humor make for a text that is engaging and entertaining, resulting in a valuable, concise introduction for students.Key Features: Provides a concise, easy-to-read, yet scientifically based survey of theory and current research on memoryGrounded in the concept that memory is foundational to all psychological processes and human experienceCovers controversial and intriguing topics including repressed and recovered memories, memory in legal testimony, amnesia, and the phenomenon of super memoryExplores the myths and realities surrounding memory loss The Psych 101 SeriesShort, reader-friendly introductions to cutting-edge topics in psychology. With key concepts, controversial topics, and fascinating accounts of up-to-the-minute research, The Psych 101 Series is a valuable resource for all students of psychology and anyone interested in the field.

This clear and accessible volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on eyewitness identification accuracy and reliability. The book examines conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as forensic evidence, comparable to challenges with other forensic evidence forms. It explores key findings in eyewitness memory research and their implications for psychological theory and social and legal policy.The book covers topics including measurement of eyewitness performance, eyewitness theory, social media's impact on identification, and technological approaches to investigating eyewitness reliability. The volume presents research on eyewitness identification as an exemplary case of psychological science successfully applied to real-world problems.Featuring real-life case studies, this comprehensive text is essential reading for scholars and advanced students of forensic psychology, cognitive psychology, and memory studies who seek to understand the complex relationship between memory processes and the criminal justice system.

This clear and accessible volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on eyewitness identification accuracy and reliability. The book examines conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as forensic evidence, comparable to challenges with other forensic evidence forms. It explores key findings in eyewitness memory research and their implications for psychological theory and social and legal policy.The book covers topics including measurement of eyewitness performance, eyewitness theory, social media's impact on identification, and technological approaches to investigating eyewitness reliability. The volume presents research on eyewitness identification as an exemplary case of psychological science successfully applied to real-world problems.Featuring real-life case studies, this comprehensive text is essential reading for scholars and advanced students of forensic psychology, cognitive psychology, and memory studies who seek to understand the complex relationship between memory processes and the criminal justice system.

This volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification. The book starts with the perspective that there are a variety of conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as a form of forensic evidence, just as there are a variety of problems with other forms of forensic evidence. There is then an examination of the important results in the study of eyewitness memory and the implications of this research for psychological theory and for social and legal policy. The volume takes the perspective that research on eyewitness identification can be seen as the paradigmatic example of how psychological science can be successfully applied to real-world problems.

Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science.Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.

Methods, Measures, and Theories in Eyewitness Recognition Tasks provides a comprehensive review of the fundamental issues surrounding eyewitness recognition phenomena alongside suggestions for developing a more methodologically rigorous eyewitness science.Over the past 40 years, the field of eyewitness science has seen substantial advancement in eyewitness identification procedures, yet theoretical and methodological developments have fallen behind. Featuring contributions from prominent international scholars, this book examines methodological and theoretical limitations and explores important topics, including how to increase the accuracy of identifying perpetrators when using CCTV images, how to create more identifiable facial composites, and the differences in accuracy between younger and older eyewitnesses. Providing in-depth discussion on the limitations of traditional lineups, eyewitness memory fallibility, and the complications that arise when using laboratory simulations, along with suggestions for new methods, this book will be an invaluable resource for researchers in eyewitness recognition, lawyers, players in the criminal justice system, members of innocence commissions, and researchers with interests in cognitive psychology.

Providing an evidence-based understanding of the causes and consequences of violence against children, experts in the field examine the best practices used to help protect children from violence. Various types of violence are reviewed including physical and sexual abuse, (cyber-)bullying, human trafficking, online predators, abductions, and war. In addition, it reviews the various perpetrators of such violence including parents and relatives, strangers, other children, and societal institutions. The possible outcomes of such violence including physical injuries, death, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, and damage to the social fabric of the local community are also explored.To enhance accessibility, each contributor addresses common themes:Opening case studies dramatically illustrate the human cost of abuse and neglectEmpirically driven estimates of the scope of problem to better understand who is at risk and whyEmpirically driven testing of interventions to maximize effectiveness of programsHow current research compares to public perception and the impact on public policy The worldwide problem of violence against children Evidence-based recommendations for reducing violence against children. The book opens with a review of the history of the problem, the methodological approaches used to study it, and current "best practice" prevention strategies. The methods used to identify peer victims are then explored. Next child eyewitness memory is examined including the most effective techniques for maximizing the retrieval of information. This is followed by the research on missing and abducted children including the effectiveness of recovery programs such as supermarket campaigns and forensic age profiles. Next how the Internet is used in the victimization of children is explored including tips to help protect children online. Public attitudes toward sex offender registration laws are then reviewed followed by vulnerabilities that include genetic, neuropsychological, temperamental, cognitive, perceptual and social factors. International perspectives on protecting children from violence and global health inequities are then addressed. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.Contributors are noted scholars from a broad range of disciplines. As such, the book appeals to researchers and advanced students in developmental, counseling, clinical, cognitive, evolutionary, and social psychology, as well as sociology, social work, criminal justice, education, and law enforcement.

Providing an evidence-based understanding of the causes and consequences of violence against children, experts in the field examine the best practices used to help protect children from violence. Various types of violence are reviewed including physical and sexual abuse, (cyber-)bullying, human trafficking, online predators, abductions, and war. In addition, it reviews the various perpetrators of such violence including parents and relatives, strangers, other children, and societal institutions. The possible outcomes of such violence including physical injuries, death, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, and damage to the social fabric of the local community are also explored.To enhance accessibility, each contributor addresses common themes:Opening case studies dramatically illustrate the human cost of abuse and neglectEmpirically driven estimates of the scope of problem to better understand who is at risk and whyEmpirically driven testing of interventions to maximize effectiveness of programsHow current research compares to public perception and the impact on public policy The worldwide problem of violence against children Evidence-based recommendations for reducing violence against children. The book opens with a review of the history of the problem, the methodological approaches used to study it, and current "best practice" prevention strategies. The methods used to identify peer victims are then explored. Next child eyewitness memory is examined including the most effective techniques for maximizing the retrieval of information. This is followed by the research on missing and abducted children including the effectiveness of recovery programs such as supermarket campaigns and forensic age profiles. Next how the Internet is used in the victimization of children is explored including tips to help protect children online. Public attitudes toward sex offender registration laws are then reviewed followed by vulnerabilities that include genetic, neuropsychological, temperamental, cognitive, perceptual and social factors. International perspectives on protecting children from violence and global health inequities are then addressed. The book concludes with recommendations for future research.Contributors are noted scholars from a broad range of disciplines. As such, the book appeals to researchers and advanced students in developmental, counseling, clinical, cognitive, evolutionary, and social psychology, as well as sociology, social work, criminal justice, education, and law enforcement.