Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he- parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tick-borne pathogens have apparently co-evolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005).Among the various tick-borne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo- cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he- parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tick-borne pathogens have apparently co-evolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005).Among the various tick-borne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo- cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).

Mites and ticks are everywhere and acarologists go after them – some explore their bewildering diversity, others try to understand their how and why. For the past 50 years, the International Congress of Acarology has been the forum for worldwide communication on the knowledge of Acari, helping researchers and students to look beyond their disciplines. Many mites and ticks are economic factors as they are pests of agricultural, veterinary and medical importance, and several species have become model organisms in modern biology. The 96 contributions to Trends in Acarology – reflecting fields as molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, ecology, evolutionary biology, systematic biology, soil biology, plant protection, pest control and epidemiology – have been reviewed and carefully edited. This volume contains a wealth of new information, that may stimulate research for many years to come.

Mites and ticks are everywhere and acarologists go after them – some explore their bewildering diversity, others try to understand their how and why. For the past 50 years, the International Congress of Acarology has been the forum for worldwide communication on the knowledge of Acari, helping researchers and students to look beyond their disciplines. Many mites and ticks are economic factors as they are pests of agricultural, veterinary and medical importance, and several species have become model organisms in modern biology. The 96 contributions to Trends in Acarology – reflecting fields as molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, ecology, evolutionary biology, systematic biology, soil biology, plant protection, pest control and epidemiology – have been reviewed and carefully edited. This volume contains a wealth of new information, that may stimulate research for many years to come.

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he- parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tick-borne pathogens have apparently co-evolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005).Among the various tick-borne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo- cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).

Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he- parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tick-borne pathogens have apparently co-evolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005).Among the various tick-borne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo- cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).

Mites and ticks are everywhere and acarologists go after them – some explore their bewildering diversity, others try to understand their how and why. For the past 50 years, the International Congress of Acarology has been the forum for worldwide communication on the knowledge of Acari, helping researchers and students to look beyond their disciplines. Many mites and ticks are economic factors as they are pests of agricultural, veterinary and medical importance, and several species have become model organisms in modern biology. The 96 contributions to Trends in Acarology – reflecting fields as molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, ecology, evolutionary biology, systematic biology, soil biology, plant protection, pest control and epidemiology – have been reviewed and carefully edited. This volume contains a wealth of new information, that may stimulate research for many years to come.

Mites and ticks are everywhere and acarologists go after them – some explore their bewildering diversity, others try to understand their how and why. For the past 50 years, the International Congress of Acarology has been the forum for worldwide communication on the knowledge of Acari, helping researchers and students to look beyond their disciplines. Many mites and ticks are economic factors as they are pests of agricultural, veterinary and medical importance, and several species have become model organisms in modern biology. The 96 contributions to Trends in Acarology – reflecting fields as molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pathology, ecology, evolutionary biology, systematic biology, soil biology, plant protection, pest control and epidemiology – have been reviewed and carefully edited. This volume contains a wealth of new information, that may stimulate research for many years to come.