Janet Caldwell – författare

What is the relationship between addition and subtraction? How do you know whether an algorithm will always work? Can you explain why order matters in subraction but not in addition or why it is false to assert that the sum of any two whole numbers is greater than either number?It is organised around two big ideas and supported by smaller, more specific, interconnected ideas (essential understandings). Gaining an understanding about addition and subtraction is essential as they are the foundation for students’ later learning of multiplication and division.Essential Understanding Series topics include:Number and Numeration for Grades Pre-K-2Addition and Subtraction for Grades Pre-K-2Geometry for Grades Pre-K-2Reasoning and Proof for Grades Pre-K-8Multiplication and Division for Grades 3-5Rational Numbers for Grades 3-5Algebraic Ideas and Readiness for Grades 3-5Geometric Shapes and Solids for Grades 3-5Ratio, Proportion and Proportionality for Grades 6-8Expressions and Equations for Grades 6-8Measurement for Grades 6-8Data Analysis and Statistics for Grades 6-8Function for Grades 9-12Geometric Relationships for Grades 9-12Reasoning and Proof for Grades 9-12Statistics for Grades 9-12

Unpacking"" the ideas related to multiplication and division is a critical step in developing a deeper understanding. To those without specialised training, many of these ideas might appear to be easy to teach. But those who teach in grades 3-5 are aware of their subtleties and complexities.This book identifies and examines two big ideas and related essential understandings for teaching multiplication and division in grades 3–5. Big Idea 1 captures the notion that multiplication is usefully defined as a scalar operation. Problem situations modelled by multiplication have an element that represents the scalar and an element that represents the quantity to which the scalar applies. Big Idea 2 relates to the algorithms that problem solvers have invented - some of which have become “standard” - for multiplying and dividing. The authors examine the ways in which counting, adding and subtracting lead to multiplication and division, as well as the role that these operations play in algebraic expressions and other advanced topics. The book examines challenges in teaching, learning and assessment and is interspersed with questions for teachers’ reflection.

Do your students have the incorrect idea that addition “makes numbers bigger” and subtraction “makes numbers smaller”? Do they believe that subtraction is always “taking away”?What tasks can you offer - what questions can you ask - to determine what your students know or don’t know - and move them forward in their thinking?This book focuses on the specialized pedagogical content knowledge that you need to teach addition and subtraction effectively in prekindergarten–grade 2. The authors demonstrate how to use this multifaceted knowledge to address the big ideas and essential understandings that students must develop for success with these computations - not only in their current work, but also in higher-level mathematics and a myriad of real-world contexts.Explore rich, research-based strategies and tasks that show how students are reasoning about and making sense of addition and subtraction. Use the opportunities that these and similar tasks provide to build on their understanding while identifying and correcting misunderstandings that may be keeping them from taking the next steps in learning.You have essential understanding. It’s time to put it into practice in your teaching.The Putting Essential Understanding into Practice Series moves NCTM’s Essential Understanding Series into the classroom. The new series details and explores best practices for teaching the essential ideas that students must grasp about fundamental topics in mathematics - topics that are challenging to learn and teach but are critical to the development of mathematical understanding. Classroom vignettes and samples of student work bring each topic to life, and questions for reader reaction open it up for hands-on exploration. Each volume underscores connections with the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics while highlighting the knowledge of learners, curriculum, instructional strategies, and assessment that pedagogical content knowledge entails. Resources and tasks are available at nctm.org/more4U.