Janez Bonca - Böcker

In the last decade it has become increasingly evident that strong correla- tions between electrons are an essential and unifying factor in such diverse phenomena within solid state physics as high-temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, the quantum Hall effect, heavy-fermion metals and Coulomb blockade in single-electron transistors. A new paradigmofnon- FermiLiquidbehaviourisalsoemergingand, inanumberofsystems, replacing the Fermi liquid, which has been the cornerstone ofthe physics of metals and superconductors for the pastdecades. In spite of major achievements, the theoretical studies and understanding of strongly-correlated electrons seems to be still in its infancy. Anomalous electron properties have been studied in some generic models of correlated electrons, such as the Hubbard and t-J models, the Anderson and Kondo impurity models, and their lattice equivalents. New insights into the behaviour of these, and related models is emerging from the introduction of powerful numerical methods to study such many-body models, including approximate techniquesofmany-body theory and exactresults inlow-andhigh-dimensional systems.Theseall showconvincingevidenceforbreakdownoftheFermiliquid concept. The Bled workshop focused on several major open questions in the theory of anomalous metals with correlated electrons. These theoretical advances were complemented by the latest experimental results in related materials, presented by leading experimentalists in the field. The main emphasis was on the following topics: - physics ofcuprates and high-temperature superconductors, - charge- and spin-ordering and fluctuations, - manganites and colossal magnetoresistance, - low-dimensional systems and transport, - Mott-Hubbard transition and infinite dimensional systems, - quantum Hall effect.

In the last decade it has become increasingly evident that strong correla- tions between electrons are an essential and unifying factor in such diverse phenomena within solid state physics as high-temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, the quantum Hall effect, heavy-fermion metals and Coulomb blockade in single-electron transistors. A new paradigmofnon- FermiLiquidbehaviourisalsoemergingand, inanumberofsystems, replacing the Fermi liquid, which has been the cornerstone ofthe physics of metals and superconductors for the pastdecades. In spite of major achievements, the theoretical studies and understanding of strongly-correlated electrons seems to be still in its infancy. Anomalous electron properties have been studied in some generic models of correlated electrons, such as the Hubbard and t-J models, the Anderson and Kondo impurity models, and their lattice equivalents. New insights into the behaviour of these, and related models is emerging from the introduction of powerful numerical methods to study such many-body models, including approximate techniquesofmany-body theory and exactresults inlow-andhigh-dimensional systems.Theseall showconvincingevidenceforbreakdownoftheFermiliquid concept. The Bled workshop focused on several major open questions in the theory of anomalous metals with correlated electrons. These theoretical advances were complemented by the latest experimental results in related materials, presented by leading experimentalists in the field. The main emphasis was on the following topics: - physics ofcuprates and high-temperature superconductors, - charge- and spin-ordering and fluctuations, - manganites and colossal magnetoresistance, - low-dimensional systems and transport, - Mott-Hubbard transition and infinite dimensional systems, - quantum Hall effect.

These proceedings of the NATO-ARW "Electron transport in nanosystems" held at the "Russia" Hotel, Yalta, Ukraine from 17-21 September 2007 resulted in many discussions between various speakers. The wide range of topics discussed at the Yalta NATO meeting included the new nanodevice applications, novel materials, superconductivity and s- sors. There have been many signi?cant advances in the past 2 years and some entirely new directions of research in these ?elds are just opening up. Recent advances in nanoscience have demonstrated that fundamentally new phy- cal phenomena are found when systems are reduced in size with dimensions, comparable to the fundamental microscopic length scales of the investigated material. Late developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of transport properties of nanodevices. Great interest in this research is focused on development of spintronics, molecular electronics and quantum information processing and graphene. At the workshop, important open problems concerning cuprate superconductity, mesoscopic superconductors and novel superconductors such MgB,CeCoIn 2 5 whereconsidered.Therewasmuchdiscussionofthemechanismandsymmetry of pairing for cuprate superconductorsas well as the nature of the pseudogap.In the sessiononnovelsuperconductors,the physicalproperties of MgB were 2 discussed. There were also lively debates about two-gap superconductivity in MgB .

These proceedings of the NATO-ARW "Electron transport in nanosystems" held at the "Russia" Hotel, Yalta, Ukraine from 17-21 September 2007 resulted in many discussions between various speakers. The wide range of topics discussed at the Yalta NATO meeting included the new nanodevice applications, novel materials, superconductivity and s- sors. There have been many signi?cant advances in the past 2 years and some entirely new directions of research in these ?elds are just opening up. Recent advances in nanoscience have demonstrated that fundamentally new phy- cal phenomena are found when systems are reduced in size with dimensions, comparable to the fundamental microscopic length scales of the investigated material. Late developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of transport properties of nanodevices. Great interest in this research is focused on development of spintronics, molecular electronics and quantum information processing and graphene. At the workshop, important open problems concerning cuprate superconductity, mesoscopic superconductors and novel superconductors such MgB,CeCoIn 2 5 whereconsidered.Therewasmuchdiscussionofthemechanismandsymmetry of pairing for cuprate superconductorsas well as the nature of the pseudogap.In the sessiononnovelsuperconductors,the physicalproperties of MgB were 2 discussed. There were also lively debates about two-gap superconductivity in MgB .

Recent advances in nanoscience have demonstrated that fundamentally new physical phenomena are found when systems are reduced to sizes comparable to the fundamental microscopic length scales of the material investigated. There has been great interest in this research due, in particular, to its role in the development of spintronics, molecular electronics and quantum information processing. The contributions to this volume describe new advances in many of these fundamental and fascinating areas of nanophysics, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, magnetic nanostructures, transport through coupled quantum dots, spintronics, molecular electronics, and quantum information processing.

Recent advances in nanoscience have demonstrated that fundamentally new physical phenomena are found when systems are reduced to sizes comparable to the fundamental microscopic length scales of the material investigated. There has been great interest in this research due, in particular, to its role in the development of spintronics, molecular electronics and quantum information processing. The contributions to this volume describe new advances in many of these fundamental and fascinating areas of nanophysics, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, magnetic nanostructures, transport through coupled quantum dots, spintronics, molecular electronics, and quantum information processing.

This book comprises 25 contributions focussed on nanotechnology for sensor applications. They stem from presentations at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Nanomaterials for Security". The chapters cover a broad but interrelated range of topics, including nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensor security systems, and explosive detection. They reflect many significant advances over the past two years as well as some entirely new directions of research that are just beginning to be explored.

This book comprises 25 contributions focussed on nanotechnology for sensor applications. They stem from presentations at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Nanomaterials for Security". The chapters cover a broad but interrelated range of topics, including nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensor security systems, and explosive detection. They reflect many significant advances over the past two years as well as some entirely new directions of research that are just beginning to be explored.

The topics discussed at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Nanotechnology in the Security Systems" included nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors security systems, explosive detection.

The topics discussed at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Nanotechnology in the Security Systems" included nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors security systems, explosive detection. There have been many significant advances in the past two years and some entirely new directions of research are just opening up. Recent advances in nano science have demonstrated that fundamentally new physical phenomena are found when systems are reduced in size with dimensions, comparable to the fundamental microscopic length scales of the investigated material. Recent developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of transport properties of nano devices. This work will be of interest to researchers working in spintronics, molecular electronics and quantum information processing.

This book includes topics in nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors, security systems, and CBRN agents detection. There have been many significant advances in the past two years and some entirely new directions of research are just opening up. Recent developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of the physical properties of nanostructured materials. The book presents new methods for the detection of chemical, biological, radiological and  nuclear (CBRN) agents  using chemical and biochemical sensors. Identification, protection and decontamination are the main scientific and technological responses for the modern challenges of CBRN agents.

This book includes topics in nanophysics, nanotechnology, nanomaterials, sensors, biosensors, security systems, and CBRN agents detection. There have been many significant advances in the past two years and some entirely new directions of research are just opening up. Recent developments in nanotechnology and measurement techniques now allow experimental investigation of the physical properties of nanostructured materials. The book presents new methods for the detection of chemical, biological, radiological and  nuclear (CBRN) agents  using chemical and biochemical sensors. Identification, protection and decontamination are the main scientific and technological responses for the modern challenges of CBRN agents.

This book is devoted to advanced materials and perspective sensors, which is one of the most important problems in nanotechnology and security. This book is useful for researchers, scientist and graduate students in the fields of solid state physics, nanotechnology and security.