Joel L. Sussman – författare

This volume comprises papers presented at the 2005 edition of the “Crystallography of Molecular Biology” courses that have been held since 1976 at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Italy. This series of courses is renowned for bringing leaders in the field of macromo- cular crystallography together with highly motivated students, in a beautiful and intimate location that encourages people to interact. The warm and informal atmosphere at these Erice conferences, especially these on cryst- lography, has helped to foster long-term scientific interactions and new int- national friendships that have often lasted for the lifetime of the scientists. The course was financed by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute and by the European Commission as a EuroSummerSchool. The papers span the breadth of material presented in the course, which emphasized the practical aspects of modern macromolecular crystallography and its applications. One must start with crystals: Bergfors showed how to improve initial crystals through seeding, while Byrne discussed the difficult problem of crystallizing membrane proteins. The collection of optimal diffraction data requires both careful preparation of cryo-cooled crystals (Garman) and proper processing of the diffraction images (Leslie). To obtain images of electron density, one needs estimates of the phases of the diffracted spots. Sheldrick presented the background to the sing- wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method, which has been gaining popularity, and McCoy discussed the basis of modern maximum likelihood methods for treating information in experimental phasing.

This volume comprises papers presented at the 2005 edition of the “Crystallography of Molecular Biology” courses that have been held since 1976 at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice, Italy. This series of courses is renowned for bringing leaders in the field of macromo- cular crystallography together with highly motivated students, in a beautiful and intimate location that encourages people to interact. The warm and informal atmosphere at these Erice conferences, especially these on cryst- lography, has helped to foster long-term scientific interactions and new int- national friendships that have often lasted for the lifetime of the scientists. The course was financed by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute and by the European Commission as a EuroSummerSchool. The papers span the breadth of material presented in the course, which emphasized the practical aspects of modern macromolecular crystallography and its applications. One must start with crystals: Bergfors showed how to improve initial crystals through seeding, while Byrne discussed the difficult problem of crystallizing membrane proteins. The collection of optimal diffraction data requires both careful preparation of cryo-cooled crystals (Garman) and proper processing of the diffraction images (Leslie). To obtain images of electron density, one needs estimates of the phases of the diffracted spots. Sheldrick presented the background to the sing- wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) method, which has been gaining popularity, and McCoy discussed the basis of modern maximum likelihood methods for treating information in experimental phasing.

This volume comprises papers presented at the 40th Erice Course "From Molecules to Medicine: Structure of Biological Macromolecules and Its Relevance in Combating New Diseases and Bioterrorism", May 29 to June 8, 2008. The papers span the breadth of material presented, which emp- size the practical aspects of modern macromolecular crystallography and its applications to medicine. Topics addressed span from the selection of targets, through to structure determination, interpretation and exploitation. A particular theme that emerges is the dependence of modern structural science on multiple experimental and computational techniques. It is both the development of these techniques and their integration that will take us forward in the future. The NATO ASI directors worked alongside, and offer deep gratitude to Prof. Sir Tom Blundell, Director of the International School of Crystal- graphy, Dr Colin Groom, Dr Neera Borkakoti, Dr John Irwin and Prof. Lodovico Riva di Sanseverino, who were in turn supported by a number of local facilitators. The course was financed by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute.Additional support was given by the European Crystallographic Association, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Int- national Union of Crystallography, the University of Bologna, AstraZeneca, Roche, Merck & Co., Boehringer Ingelheim, Bruker Corporation, Douglas Instruments, Informa UK, the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TTP Lab Tech, University of California at San Francisco. Joel L. Sussman and Paola Spadon

This volume comprises papers presented at the 40th Erice Course "From Molecules to Medicine: Structure of Biological Macromolecules and Its Relevance in Combating New Diseases and Bioterrorism", May 29 to June 8, 2008. The papers span the breadth of material presented, which emp- size the practical aspects of modern macromolecular crystallography and its applications to medicine. Topics addressed span from the selection of targets, through to structure determination, interpretation and exploitation. A particular theme that emerges is the dependence of modern structural science on multiple experimental and computational techniques. It is both the development of these techniques and their integration that will take us forward in the future. The NATO ASI directors worked alongside, and offer deep gratitude to Prof. Sir Tom Blundell, Director of the International School of Crystal- graphy, Dr Colin Groom, Dr Neera Borkakoti, Dr John Irwin and Prof. Lodovico Riva di Sanseverino, who were in turn supported by a number of local facilitators. The course was financed by NATO as an Advanced Study Institute.Additional support was given by the European Crystallographic Association, the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Int- national Union of Crystallography, the University of Bologna, AstraZeneca, Roche, Merck & Co., Boehringer Ingelheim, Bruker Corporation, Douglas Instruments, Informa UK, the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TTP Lab Tech, University of California at San Francisco. Joel L. Sussman and Paola Spadon