High quality electrical service is key to power systems around the world, particularly in utilities and industrial facilities. Both voltage and grid frequency must be kept within tight limits to maintain functioning of critical infrastructure. The growing use of renewable power of intermittent character is adding to that challenge.One of the keys to achieving quality service is the protection system, which needs to be reliable, fast and with a good cost/benefit ratio. It consists of various components, including relays, circuit breakers and fuses. An understanding of the different behaviours of these components in the face of malfunctions, and of countermeasures, is needed.This book has established itself as a classic work in its field, allowing the reader to easily follow the ideas explored. It provides an overview of most aspects of electrical protections, with emphasis on distribution systems; but protection of generation and transmission systems are also addressed.For this 4th edition, new topics have been added, such as protection of renewable power plants and transient stability analysis. It offers a thorough revision of the material, particularly the numerical type of relays, protective functions, control, measurement, communications and oscillography features. Most chapters have illustrative examples using MATLAB or PSAT (Power System Analysis Tools). This work remains essential reading for researchers, utility engineers, design, maintenance and consulting engineers as well as for instructors and senior students.

Today, more than half the global population lives in cities, and two thirds are expected to do so by 2050. Cities need technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy, transport and heating, which requires distributed renewable electricity, from rooftop solar, small wind and other sources, in order to cleanly generate enough electricity to meet cities' needs. However, most urban electricity grids were not designed to manage distributed energy generation and the benefits of smart grids. Distribution systems therefore need to be strengthened and updated with the new technology offered by the hardware and software available, in order to maintain power quality and meet the requirements of reliability requested by regulatory bodies.The book opens with an introductory chapter, outlining the topic and explaining the importance of and motivations for upgrading urban power grids. Further chapters cover modelling, load management and demand response, reliability and fault location isolation and service restoration (FLISR) schemes for urban grids, renewable generation, integration and microgrids for cities, protection, automation and control, regulatory issues, volt/var control, as well as open challenges and future developments. Case studies help readers understand and apply the concepts discussed.Covering the key technologies needed for the urban energy transition, Upgrading Urban Power Grids is a valuable reference for consulting engineers, researchers and advanced students at universities and at utilities involved with electric power systems.

High quality electrical service is everyday more stringent in utilities and industrial facilities around the world. One of the main players to achieve this is the protection system, which has to be reliable, fast and with a good cost/benefit ratio. This book refers to most aspects of electrical protections, with emphasis on Distribution Systems. Protection of generation and transmission systems are also treated in the text. References to modern topics such as the Distributed Generation, Smart Grid and Standard IEC 61850 have been introduced. Written by two well experienced engineers who combine a comprehensive theoretical background with examples and exercises, this book will allow the reader to easily follow the ideas explored. The book will be valuable to pre and postgraduate students, design, maintenance and consulting engineers as well as instructors looking for proper references.

High quality electrical service is key to power systems around the world, particularly in utilities and industrial facilities. Both voltage and grid frequency must be kept within tight limits to maintain functioning of critical infrastructure. The growing use of renewable power of intermittent character is adding to that challenge.One of the keys to achieving quality service is the protection system, which needs to be reliable, fast and with a good cost/benefit ratio. It consists of various components, including relays, circuit breakers and fuses. An understanding of the different behaviours of these components in the face of malfunctions, and of countermeasures, is needed.This book has established itself as a classic work in its field, allowing the reader to easily follow the ideas explored. It provides an overview of most aspects of electrical protections, with emphasis on distribution systems; but protection of generation and transmission systems are also addressed.For this 4th edition, new topics have been added, such as protection of renewable power plants and transient stability analysis. It offers a thorough revision of the material, particularly the numerical type of relays, protective functions, control, measurement, communications and oscillography features. Most chapters have illustrative examples using MATLAB or PSAT (Power System Analysis Tools). This work remains essential reading for researchers, utility engineers, design, maintenance and consulting engineers as well as for instructors and senior students.

Today, more than half the global population lives in cities, and two thirds are expected to do so by 2050. Cities need technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy, transport and heating, which requires distributed renewable electricity, from rooftop solar, small wind and other sources, in order to cleanly generate enough electricity to meet cities' needs. However, most urban electricity grids were not designed to manage distributed energy generation and the benefits of smart grids. Distribution systems therefore need to be strengthened and updated with the new technology offered by the hardware and software available, in order to maintain power quality and meet the requirements of reliability requested by regulatory bodies.The book opens with an introductory chapter, outlining the topic and explaining the importance of and motivations for upgrading urban power grids. Further chapters cover modelling, load management and demand response, reliability and fault location isolation and service restoration (FLISR) schemes for urban grids, renewable generation, integration and microgrids for cities, protection, automation and control, regulatory issues, volt/var control, as well as open challenges and future developments. Case studies help readers understand and apply the concepts discussed.Covering the key technologies needed for the urban energy transition, Upgrading Urban Power Grids is a valuable reference for consulting engineers, researchers and advanced students at universities and at utilities involved with electric power systems.

High quality electrical service is everyday more stringent in utilities and industrial facilities around the world. One of the main players to achieve this is the protection system, which has to be reliable, fast and with a good cost/benefit ratio. This book refers to most aspects of electrical protections, with emphasis on Distribution Systems. Protection of generation and transmission systems are also treated in the text. References to modern topics such as the Distributed Generation, Smart Grid and Standard IEC 61850 have been introduced. Written by two well experienced engineers who combine a comprehensive theoretical background with examples and exercises, this book will allow the reader to easily follow the ideas explored. The book will be valuable to pre and postgraduate students, design, maintenance and consulting engineers as well as instructors looking for proper references.