Jürgen Sündermann – författare

In this wide-ranging and comprehensive review of the historical development and current status of ocean circulation models, the analysis extends from simple analytical approaches to the latest high-resolution numerical models with data assimilation. The authors, both of whom are pioneer scientists in ocean and shelf sea modelling, look back at the evolution of Western and Eastern modelling methodologies during the second half of the last century. They also present the very latest information on ocean climate modelling and offer examples for a number of oceans and shelf seas.The book includes a critical analysis of literature on ocean climate variability modelling, as well as assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the best-known modelling techniques. It also anticipates future developments in the field, focusing on models based on a synthesis of numerical simulation and field observation, and on nonlinear thermodynamic model data synthesis.

P.Brosche The development of the ideas and observational techniques related to the subject of our meeting "Tidal friction and the Earth's rotation", Bielefeld, September 1977 is one of the most fascinating books - not merely chapters! - of the modern history of science. Its genealogical tree is as intricate as that of mankind itself: There are dead ends and superfluous re-discoveries. Due to these circumstances and to the pure extent of the topic, it is impossible to give more than a few highlights here. The first relevant observational fact was discovered by the famous English astronomer E. Halley in 1695 (Berry, 1961). He simply could not arrive at an agreement between ancient and recent eclipses using a constant mean angular motion of the Moon. Instead, he had to intro­ duce an empirical acceleration term in the mean motion. Known as the "secular acceleration", it has ever since been a most challenging sub­ ject of celestial mechanics and a main branch of the genealogical tree already mentioned. In 1754, completely independently and almost certainly in ignorance of those specialists' activities, the German philosopher Kant established the idea of tidal friction as a decelerating mechanism for the rotation of the Earth (Felber, 1974). Although he made some errors in his rough computations, the majority of the constitutive elements of his concept have survived to the present day (Brosche, 1977).

Numerical simulations are in world wide use for the investigation of hydro- and thermodynamic processes in natural waters. In spite of the fact that great achievements have been brought about in this field, numerous questions still remain unanswered, with respect to fundamental formulations as well as to methods of solu- tion. One of the principal objectives of research in our days is the verification of numerical models. The Symposium on "Mathematical Modelling in Estuarine PhysiCS" was held at Hamburg, Aug. 24 - 26, 1978, with the objective of for- mulating the present standing of research work and of the most im- portant problems in this field. Aspects of physical oceanography and of coastal engineering were to be considered. Estuarine phys- ics were a suitable topic as both disciplines have many points in common there. Eighty-five scientists from sixteen countries convened for two and a half days to discuss details with much interest. We wish to thank them as well as the authors for their contributions.Further, we wish to express our gratitude to the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), Bonn-Bad Godesberg, to the Special Research Project 79 "Research in Coastal Waters" (Sonder- forschungsbereich 79 "Wasserforschung im Klistenbereich"), and to the German Hydrographic Institute (Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut), Hamburg, for sponsoring the meeting and for helping with the organization.

In the four years which elapsed between our first workshop on .Tidal Friction and the Earth's Rotation and the second, the proceedings of which are presented here, many of the disciplines involved made ad­ vances which we felt should be exchanged. We were encouraged by the good reception our first report met with. Of course, more insight often means more problems. Therefore, this volume contains new results and revisions of matters which previously appeared settled. We are certainly far from "final answers". For this reason, differing opinions on some issues are to be found in this book. Moreover, we have refrained from making mathematical symbols uniform to avoid the risk of errors and non-compatibility with the earlier work of an author. The two workshops have stimulated collaboration between participants working in various fields. The final versions of the contributions have already profited from these discussions. We are convinced that they will also influence further investigations. This advancement of our past and future aims is based on the very existence of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies and on the support we have received from its leading members. The authors have agreed to dedicate this book to Dr. H. Gerstenkorn, who died in 1981. He contributed fundamental ideas to the scientific fields treated in the meeting. P. Brosche Daun, September 1982 J. Slindermann Contents * Julius Robert Mayer's Ideas on a Theory of Tidal Friction H.P. Miinzenmayer ...•••.•••..••.•..•...••..•...•.•••.••••....•..

P.Brosche The development of the ideas and observational techniques related to the subject of our meeting "Tidal friction and the Earth''s rotation", Bielefeld, September 1977 is one of the most fascinating books - not merely chapters! - of the modern history of science. Its genealogical tree is as intricate as that of mankind itself: There are dead ends and superfluous re-discoveries. Due to these circumstances and to the pure extent of the topic, it is impossible to give more than a few highlights here. The first relevant observational fact was discovered by the famous English astronomer E. Halley in 1695 (Berry, 1961). He simply could not arrive at an agreement between ancient and recent eclipses using a constant mean angular motion of the Moon. Instead, he had to intro­ duce an empirical acceleration term in the mean motion. Known as the "secular acceleration", it has ever since been a most challenging sub­ ject of celestial mechanics and a main branch of the genealogical tree already mentioned. In 1754, completely independently and almost certainly in ignorance of those specialists'' activities, the German philosopher Kant established the idea of tidal friction as a decelerating mechanism for the rotation of the Earth (Felber, 1974). Although he made some errors in his rough computations, the majority of the constitutive elements of his concept have survived to the present day (Brosche, 1977).

In the four years which elapsed between our first workshop on .Tidal Friction and the Earth''s Rotation and the second, the proceedings of which are presented here, many of the disciplines involved made ad­ vances which we felt should be exchanged. We were encouraged by the good reception our first report met with. Of course, more insight often means more problems. Therefore, this volume contains new results and revisions of matters which previously appeared settled. We are certainly far from "final answers". For this reason, differing opinions on some issues are to be found in this book. Moreover, we have refrained from making mathematical symbols uniform to avoid the risk of errors and non-compatibility with the earlier work of an author. The two workshops have stimulated collaboration between participants working in various fields. The final versions of the contributions have already profited from these discussions. We are convinced that they will also influence further investigations. This advancement of our past and future aims is based on the very existence of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies and on the support we have received from its leading members. The authors have agreed to dedicate this book to Dr. H. Gerstenkorn, who died in 1981. He contributed fundamental ideas to the scientific fields treated in the meeting. P. Brosche Daun, September 1982 J. Slindermann Contents * Julius Robert Mayer''s Ideas on a Theory of Tidal Friction H.P. Miinzenmayer ...•••.•••..••.•..•...••..•...•.•••.••••....•..

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Sym­ posium on North Sea Dynamics which was held in Hamburg, August 31 - September 4, 1981. More than 150 participants from 10 coun­ tries were present at the Symposium. Of the 58 lectures given, 45 are printed in this book. The manuscripts were reviewed by an international advisory board. The main goal of the organizers was to bring together as many active researchers as possible in this very general field of North Sea dynarnics, transcending the boundaries of the countries and the various disciplines involved, in order to discuss the main problems and future trends. In the ten years since the last comparable meeting in Aviemore, Scotland, several large interna­ tional experiments (JONSDAP ''73 and ''76, JONSWAP ''73, ''75 and ''77, MARSEN ''79) and new developments in modelling promised a rewarding exchange of ideas. In addition to the physical disci­ plines, biologists and geologists are increasingly able to pre­ sent quantitative analyses.

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Sym­ posium on North Sea Dynamics which was held in Hamburg, August 31 - September 4, 1981. More than 150 participants from 10 coun­ tries were present at the Symposium. Of the 58 lectures given, 45 are printed in this book. The manuscripts were reviewed by an international advisory board. The main goal of the organizers was to bring together as many active researchers as possible in this very general field of North Sea dynarnics, transcending the boundaries of the countries and the various disciplines involved, in order to discuss the main problems and future trends. In the ten years since the last comparable meeting in Aviemore, Scotland, several large interna­ tional experiments (JONSDAP '73 and '76, JONSWAP '73, '75 and '77, MARSEN '79) and new developments in modelling promised a rewarding exchange of ideas. In addition to the physical disci­ plines, biologists and geologists are increasingly able to pre­ sent quantitative analyses.

Earth''s Rotation from Eons to Days reviews long-term changes, methods of measurement, and the major influences on rotation parameters. In order to understand secular changes, the momentary behavior of ocean tides must be analyzed and appropriately modelled. Researchers and students in astronomy and all fields of geosciences will find a wealth of information related to the interaction of geophysical phenomena and the rotation of the planet Earth.

Earth's Rotation from Eons to Days reviews long-term changes, methods of measurement, and the major influences on rotation parameters. In order to understand secular changes, the momentary behavior of ocean tides must be analyzed and appropriately modelled. Researchers and students in astronomy and all fields of geosciences will find a wealth of information related to the interaction of geophysical phenomena and the rotation of the planet Earth.

In this publication you will find a comprehensive data set of the North Sea ecosystem, including the distribution and the fate of contaminants, their transport paths and their analysis by means of numerical models. This book presents the results of the interdisciplinary German research project ZISCH (''Zirkulation und Schadstoffumsatz in der Nordsee'') encompassing oceanographers, meteorologists, marine biologists and chemists.

In this publication you will find a comprehensive data set of the North Sea ecosystem, including the distribution and the fate of contaminants, their transport paths and their analysis by means of numerical models. This book presents the results of the interdisciplinary German research project ZISCH ('Zirkulation und Schadstoffumsatz in der Nordsee') encompassing oceanographers, meteorologists, marine biologists and chemists.