K. Heiskanen – författare

This book is a must for individuals and companies that have an interest in developing sustainable technology and systems in the complex ''Web of Metals'' on a first principles, technological and economic basis, with a focus to the minerals, metals and product manufacturing industries. In this inter-, intra- and trans-disciplinary book the material/metal cycle will be central, addressing technology as the basis for achieving sustainability within the system of primary mineral and metal producing, and the consumer product material cycles, linked to nature''s cycles. The following major topics (not exclusive) are discussed in a detail, which will satisfy company CEO''s and students of environment, engineering, economics, and law alike: (i) industrial ecology, (ii) system engineering concepts, (iii) development of future breakthrough technology as well optimization of present technology, (iv) process fundamentals (e.g. thermodynamics, separation physics, transport processes etc.), (v) product manufacture and design (for recycling), (vi) environmental legislation and (vii) technology as a basis for achieving sustainability within our present society.The book discusses contentious issues such as the limits of recycling determined by physics, chemistry, economics and process technology, therefore providing the reader with a fundamental basis to understand and critically discuss the validity of environmental legislation. Furthermore, the ''Web of Metals'' (i.e. the dynamic interconnection of metal and material cycles and product systems) will reveal that, if the application of environmental evaluation techniques such as material flow analysis, life cycle assessment etc. are not carried out on a sufficient theoretical basis, technological and economic understanding, analyses could lead to erroneous and in the end environmentally harmful conclusions.The book is illustrated with many industrial examples embracing car and electronic consumer goods manufacturing and recycling, and the production and recycling of all major metals (e.g. steel, aluminium, copper, zinc, lead, magnesium, PGM''s and PM''s) and to an extent plastics. A complete section of the book is devoted to the recycling of light metals. Numerous colour figures and photos, plant and reactor data as well as software and computer models (running under Matlab''s Simulink® and AMPL® as well as tools based on neural net technology (CSense™) are provided to give the reader the opportunity to investigate the various topics addressed in this book at various levels of depth and theoretical sophistication, providing a wealth of information, share-data and industrial know-how.Finally, the book philosophically discusses how to harmonize the resource, life and technological cycles depicted by the figure on the cover to make a contribution to the sustainable use of resources and products.* Material and Metal Ecology and the various modelling aspects to quantify this * System modelling of recycling systems with applications in the automotive and consumergoods sector* Metallurgical metal recycling with applications in aluminium, supplemented with various modelling examples from thermodynamics, exergy, neural nets to CFD

Particle classification is an important unit operation in many fields of technology where size reduction or enlargement takes place: in chemical engineering, the oil industry, mining and metallurgy, the food industry, environmental technology and so on. In this work, the fundamentals of wet classification are described and a scientific basis for solving classification problems is presented. For the practical engineer, there is an overview of the technical solutions available. The text begins with a discussion of the forces that affect a particle moving in a fluid and govern industrial classification processes. Understanding the effects of these forces and their use in classification makes it possible to use, modify and design classification processes. First, an ideal situation, free settling, is discussed in order to give the most basic relationships between the forces. Then, some corrections to this ideal free-settling condition are outlined. Different methods of measuring classifier performance are explained, both in terms of mass and distribution efficiencies.The effects of sampling errors on efficiency values are outlined, along with methods to compute consistent classifier data. The construction of different classifier types, their operation and design is also discussed, with emphasis placed on hydrocyclones.