Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers: Phase diagrams and alloy development Effect of minor alloying additions Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements Mechanical issues affecting reliability Reliability under impact loading Thermomechanical fatigue Chemical issues affecting reliability Whisker growth Electromigration Thermomigration Presenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.

This book is very timely for understanding the link between education and employment in a binary economy. The authors provide a lucid framework for technical professionals to become T-shaped systems thinkers, who can get in-depth as well as work on a wider bandwidth, as required--Dr. James C. Spohrer, Director, IBM University Programs World-Wide (IBM UP) Innovation Champion, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA A practical road map for both professionals and policymakers committed to developing a critical skills infrastructure for the 21st Century.--Dr. Leonard Schlesinger, President, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USAThis powerful book has two interwoven parts. The first part tells us the story of what has happened to STEM work in the U.S. economy over the past few decades of relentless globalization and digitization of information. Refreshingly the authors stop short of making a prediction. Instead, they turn their attention to what can be done to energize and transform the work of STEM professionals to benefit the global economy as well as their own jobs and careers. The book is also full of insights for public policy officials, higher education leaders, and corporate training heads. It is a must read for senior managers of STEM companies and organizations.--Prof. V. Kasturi Rangan, Malcolm P. McNair Professor of Marketing, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, USAThis is an innovative and motivational book for STEM professionals participating in today''s global knowledge economy. It urges them to establish a personal strategic plan and to develop transformational skills as well as academic knowledge and industry-specific skills. To be rewarded in today''s marketplace the authors point out that STEM professional must be nimble, entrepreneurial and innovative, be a source of new solutions, but also take personal responsibility for continually developing those skills throughout their career.--Prof. A. Galip Ulsoy, C.D. Mote Jr. Distinguished University Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the W.C. Ford Professor of Manufacturing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAIn this book, the authors advise an alternative approach to career development for science, technology, engineer­ing, and mathematics (STEM) professionals. The authors believe that self-help is the best help and hence technical professionals should take ownership of their future in a strategic way -- just as businesses and corporations have to rely on a strategic approach for long-term survival and success. The authors incorporate concepts of systems thinking, as well as global knowledge, to develop strategic solutions to identified industry needs.

Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers: Phase diagrams and alloy development Effect of minor alloying additions Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements Mechanical issues affecting reliability Reliability under impact loading Thermomechanical fatigue Chemical issues affecting reliability Whisker growth Electromigration Thermomigration

Presenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.

Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers: Phase diagrams and alloy development Effect of minor alloying additions Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements Mechanical issues affecting reliability Reliability under impact loading Thermomechanical fatigue Chemical issues affecting reliability Whisker growth Electromigration Thermomigration Presenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.

This book is very timely for understanding the link between education and employment in a binary economy. The authors provide a lucid framework for technical professionals to become T-shaped systems thinkers, who can get in-depth as well as work on a wider bandwidth, as required--Dr. James C. Spohrer, Director, IBM University Programs World-Wide (IBM UP) Innovation Champion, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, USA A practical road map for both professionals and policymakers committed to developing a critical skills infrastructure for the 21st Century.--Dr. Leonard Schlesinger, President, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USAThis powerful book has two interwoven parts. The first part tells us the story of what has happened to STEM work in the U.S. economy over the past few decades of relentless globalization and digitization of information. Refreshingly the authors stop short of making a prediction. Instead, they turn their attention to what can be done to energize and transform the work of STEM professionals to benefit the global economy as well as their own jobs and careers. The book is also full of insights for public policy officials, higher education leaders, and corporate training heads. It is a must read for senior managers of STEM companies and organizations.--Prof. V. Kasturi Rangan, Malcolm P. McNair Professor of Marketing, Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, USAThis is an innovative and motivational book for STEM professionals participating in today''s global knowledge economy. It urges them to establish a personal strategic plan and to develop transformational skills as well as academic knowledge and industry-specific skills. To be rewarded in today''s marketplace the authors point out that STEM professional must be nimble, entrepreneurial and innovative, be a source of new solutions, but also take personal responsibility for continually developing those skills throughout their career.--Prof. A. Galip Ulsoy, C.D. Mote Jr. Distinguished University Professor of Mechanical Engineering and the W.C. Ford Professor of Manufacturing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAIn this book, the authors advise an alternative approach to career development for science, technology, engineer­ing, and mathematics (STEM) professionals. The authors believe that self-help is the best help and hence technical professionals should take ownership of their future in a strategic way -- just as businesses and corporations have to rely on a strategic approach for long-term survival and success. The authors incorporate concepts of systems thinking, as well as global knowledge, to develop strategic solutions to identified industry needs.

Providing a viable alternative to lead-based solders is a major research thrust for the electrical and electronics industries - whilst mechanically compliant lead-based solders have been widely used in the electronic interconnects, the risks to human health and to the environment are too great to allow continued widescale usage. Lead-free Solders: Materials Reliability for Electronics chronicles the search for reliable drop-in lead-free alternatives and covers: Phase diagrams and alloy development Effect of minor alloying additions Composite approaches including nanoscale reinforcements Mechanical issues affecting reliability Reliability under impact loading Thermomechanical fatigue Chemical issues affecting reliability Whisker growth Electromigration Thermomigration

Presenting a comprehensive understanding of the current state of lead-free electronic interconnects research, this book approaches the ongoing research from fundamental, applied and manufacturing perspectives to provide a balanced view of the progress made and the requirements which still have to be met.