Kai Liu – författare

Inspection and Monitoring Technologies of Transmission Lines with Remote Sensing helps readers build a thorough understanding of new technologies and world-class practices developed by the State Grid Corporation of China-the organization responsible for the world's largest power distribution network. Monitoring the operational status of high-voltage transmission lines is critical in supply assurance and continuity. Given the physical size, geographical, and climate variances that transmission lines are subject to, remote sensing and inspection is a critical technology for power distribution organizations. This reference covers current and developing technologies, equipment, and methods for the safe and secure operation and maintenance of transmission lines, including satellite remote sensing technology, infrared and ultraviolet detection technology, helicopter inspection technology, and condition monitoring technology.

Covers operational and technical principles, and equipment used in transmission line inspection and monitoring, with a focus on remote sensing technologies and solutions Covers power line fundamentals, remote sensing technologies, inspection technologies, fault detection technologies, and on-line monitoring Focuses on practical equipment and systems parameters to ensure readers are able to meet operational needs Covers control technologies that ensure safe and consistent transmission operation

Stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces are motivated by the theory and analysis of stochastic processes and by applications such as stochastic control, population biology, and turbulence, where the analysis and control of such systems involves investigating their stability. While the theory of such equations is well established, the study of their stability properties has grown rapidly only in the past 20 years, and most results have remained scattered in journals and conference proceedings.This book offers a systematic presentation of the modern theory of the stability of stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces - particularly Hilbert spaces. The treatment includes a review of basic concepts and investigation of the stability theory of linear and nonlinear stochastic differential equations and stochastic functional differential equations in infinite dimensions. The final chapter explores topics and applications such as stochastic optimal control and feedback stabilization, stochastic reaction-diffusion, Navier-Stokes equations, and stochastic population dynamics.In recent years, this area of study has become the focus of increasing attention, and the relevant literature has expanded greatly. Stability of Infinite Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations with Applications makes up-to-date material in this important field accessible even to newcomers and lays the foundation for future advances.

The stability of stochastic differential equations in abstract, mainly Hilbert, spaces receives a unified treatment in this self-contained book. It covers basic theory as well as computational techniques for handling the stochastic stability of systems from mathematical, physical and biological problems. Its core material is divided into three parts devoted respectively to the stochastic stability of linear systems, non-linear systems, and time-delay systems. The focus is on stability of stochastic dynamical processes affected by white noise, which are described by partial differential equations such as the Navier-Stokes equations. A range of mathematicians and scientists, including those involved in numerical computation, will find this book useful. It is also ideal for engineers working on stochastic systems and their control, and researchers in mathematical physics or biology.

Stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces are motivated by the theory and analysis of stochastic processes and by applications such as stochastic control, population biology, and turbulence, where the analysis and control of such systems involves investigating their stability. While the theory of such equations is well established, the study of their stability properties has grown rapidly only in the past 20 years, and most results have remained scattered in journals and conference proceedings.This book offers a systematic presentation of the modern theory of the stability of stochastic differential equations in infinite dimensional spaces - particularly Hilbert spaces. The treatment includes a review of basic concepts and investigation of the stability theory of linear and nonlinear stochastic differential equations and stochastic functional differential equations in infinite dimensions. The final chapter explores topics and applications such as stochastic optimal control and feedback stabilization, stochastic reaction-diffusion, Navier-Stokes equations, and stochastic population dynamics.In recent years, this area of study has become the focus of increasing attention, and the relevant literature has expanded greatly. Stability of Infinite Dimensional Stochastic Differential Equations with Applications makes up-to-date material in this important field accessible even to newcomers and lays the foundation for future advances.

This book presents developments and new results on complex differential-difference equations, an area with important and interesting applications, which also gathers increasing attention. Key problems, methods, and results related to complex differential-difference equations are collected to offer an up-to-date overview of the field.

This book describes a variety of highly effective and efficient structure-preserving algorithms for second-order oscillatory differential equations. Such systems arise in many branches of science and engineering, and the examples in the book include systems from quantum physics, celestial mechanics and electronics. To accurately simulate the true behavior of such systems, a numerical algorithm must preserve as much as possible their key structural properties: time-reversibility, oscillation, symplecticity, and energy and momentum conservation. The book describes novel advances in RKN methods, ERKN methods, Filon-type asymptotic methods, AVF methods, and trigonometric Fourier collocation methods.  The accuracy and efficiency of each of these algorithms are tested via careful numerical simulations, and their structure-preserving properties are rigorously established by theoretical analysis. The book also gives insights into the practical implementation of the methods. This book is intended for engineers and scientists investigating oscillatory systems, as well as for teachers and students who are interested in structure-preserving algorithms for differential equations.

This study examines and explains the relationship between social health insurance (SHI) participation and out-of-pocket expenditures (OOP) as well as the mediating role the institutional arrangement of SHI plays in this relationship in China. Embracing a new institutionalist approach, it develops two analytical perspectives: determination, which identifies the mechanisms of social health insurance, and strategic interaction, which explores the interaction among social health insurance agencies, healthcare providers, patients, and institutions. It reveals the poor performance of social health insurance in decreasing out-of-pocket health expenditures caused by a trade-off between the reimbursement, behavior management, and purchasing mechanisms of social health insurance programs. Further, it finds that the inequitable allocation of healthcare resources and patients’ concerns regarding the benefits offset the strategies used by social health insurance agencies to manage care-seekingbehavior. It also discovers that the complex interactions between insurance agencies, doctors, patients and a larger disenabling institutional surrounding restricts the purchasing efficiency of social health insurance. This book is characterized by its unique synthesis of the role of the institutional arrangement of social health insurance in China, the interaction between the stakeholders in health sectors, and of the relationship between healthcare institutions, actors, and policy outcomes. Providing a comprehensive overview, it enables scholars and graduate students to understand the ongoing process of social health insurance reform as well as the dynamics of health cost inflation in China. It also benefits policymakers by recommending a single-payer model based on an evidence-based investigation.

This study examines and explains the relationship between social health insurance (SHI) participation and out-of-pocket expenditures (OOP) as well as the mediating role the institutional arrangement of SHI plays in this relationship in China.

This book, written by the national think tank of China, presents a comprehensive analysis of the key elements and unique characteristics in Chengdu’s development into a global city.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th China Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, CWSN 2019, held in Chongqing, China, in October 2019. The 27 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 158 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on fundamentals on Internet of Things;

This book investigates four core characteristics of occupational health and safety legal systems in order to provide a comparative and critical analysis of the similarities and differences in protecting the health and safety of workers at the workplace.

This book investigates four core characteristics of occupational health and safety legal systems in order to provide a comparative and critical analysis of the similarities and differences in protecting the health and safety of workers at the workplace.

This book, written by the national think tank of China, presents a comprehensive analysis of the key elements and unique characteristics in Chengdu’s development into a global city. To do so, it adopts both external and internal perspectives: externally, it highlights Chengdu’s agglomeration and linkage so as to identify the differences in its overall development in comparison with other world cities. Internally, it explores the behavior of companies within the city as the root motive for urban development. The authors investigate how businesses grow and promote the agglomeration, linkage and diversity of cities in the growth process, helping readers understand the contribution of businesses to urban development.

mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">This book begins by examining the current state of digital engine technologies, highlighting their role in improving design efficiency, operational safety, and cost-effectiveness.

In the face of urbanization and growing transportation demands, "Demand-Responsive Transit Systems: Operation and Management Solutions" offers a comprehensive exploration of the innovative strategies and technologies shaping the future of public transit. Authored by industry experts Kai Liu and Tao Liu, this book is an essential resource for transit professionals, urban planners, and policy makers.Leverage the power of data and innovation to revolutionize demand-responsive transit (DRT) systems. This book delves into optimal routing design utilizing aggregated cell phone data and open-source GIS tools, alongside iterated clustering optimization for effective stop locating and bus routing. Discover how customized commuter bus routes can significantly reduce carbon emissions and how pricing strategies can be optimized by considering passenger loyalty decay. The book also explores the design of intelligent platoon transit systems aimed at transportation electrification, and modular bus unit scheduling under range and charging constraints. Further, it provides insights into the formation and scheduling optimization for electric modular buses with station-based demand responsiveness. Additionally, it highlights the coordinated operation of fixed-route and demand-responsive feeder transit services in travel corridors. These advanced strategies and practical applications are essential for enhancing operational efficiency and achieving sustainable urban mobility, making this book an indispensable resource for professionals in the field.

This book presents a groundbreaking examination of the intricate dynamics shaping the customized bus (CB) service industry. Through a meticulous exploration segmented into three distinct parts, this book offers a holistic approach by dissecting the foundational elements, user behaviors, and environmental influences that collectively drive the success or failure of CB services.The authors employ a multidisciplinary lens, blending empirical research with theoretical insights to unpack the complexities of demand evolution and user loyalty within the CB service sector. This novel approach integrates statistical analyses, user behavior modeling, and environmental effects assessment to provide a comprehensive view of the industry's current state and future prospects. Setting this work apart is its emphasis on the interplay between service provider strategies and the built environment effects, a relatively unexplored dimension in transportation studies. The book introduces pioneering models for understanding user choice behavior and loyalty, considering the heterogeneity of individual preferences and the significant impact of urban built environment. Covering a range of topics from the basic role of CB in transportation systems to advanced analyses of subscribing behavior and market adaptation strategies, the book is designed for a diverse audience. Academics, industry professionals, urban planners, and policymakers will find its content accessible and applicable, with insights beneficial for both introductory learners and advanced practitioners. Strategic Recommendations: Through its analytical rigor, the book equips stakeholders with practical strategies to enhance service viability, promote user loyalty, and navigate the operational complexities of the CB service landscape.

To elucidate the theoretical underpinnings and practical nuances of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) in Indonesia spanning 1990-2022, this book intricately integrates its evolutionary trajectory within the framework of both traditional and emerging investment theories.

This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the research and application of digital twin operation and maintenance technology for high-speed train traction power supply system. The book is divided into six chapters, which introduce the digital twin architecture of high-speed train traction power supply system, digital twin modeling of power supply system, multi-physical field digital twin of train key equipment, digital twin of typical train scenarios, and digital twin operation and maintenance of train traction power supply system. This book is novel and focused, the whole book is oriented to the actual engineering problems, covering the theoretical frameworks, model building, data analysis, and application practice. It extensively describes digital twin modeling and intelligent operation and maintenance methods for high-speed train traction power supply systems, proposing a novel approach of digital twin intelligent operation and maintenance based on deep learning image recognition, aiming to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains. It could be serve as a reference book for graduate students and professionals in rail transit and power engineering.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to technological advances in Internet of Vehicles (IoV), including vehicular communications, vehicular system architectures, data dissemination algorithms, resource allocation schemes, and AI-enabled applications. It focuses on the state-of-the-art IoV with regard to three major directions, namely networking, cooperation, and intelligence, including advanced wireless communication technologies, algorithm theory, optimization mechanisms, and AI technologies. In addition, the book includes a number of case studies with system prototype implementation and hands-on experiments in IoV, making it suitable both as a technical reference work for professionals and as a textbook for graduate students.