Kai Muhlenhoff – författare
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E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2003193 kr
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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1,3 (A), University of Munster (English Seminar), course: Didactics Advanced Seminar, language: English, abstract: [...] In our introduction, we first want to draw on the field of educational MOOs. The upcoming of personal computers, it s speedy with more advancing progress upto this date and the easy accessibility at home or in educational institutions such asschools and universities. Language Classes in universities for example, have alreadyled the 1980s to an ever increasing awareness that there is an almost unsustainableand enormously large potential in its use for classroom purposes and other activities. Although manifold, in the focus of our interest (for we are dealing with EFL learningin our seminar) we measured L2 acquisition and the learnability of a ForeignLanguage with the help of a computer program. We will thus narrow down severalpossible choices we could make relating to teaching/learning software and chooseone of them. The program that we will thoroughly discuss in the next few chapters isone that already, from a technological standpoint, has a long history. We must lookback to 1979 when the first virtual MUD (Multi-User Dungeon or Multi-User Domain),the predecessor of the MOO (Multi-User Domain, Object-Oriented) comes into play. MUDs do not crucially differ from MOOs, as becomes evident in their being virtuallythe same program based on a similar code, the MOO, however, evolved from theMUD as a more advanced version sporting some more additional and useful featuresand making it therefore better to use for classroom purposes.1First of all, what is a/the MOO? The MOO is a publicly accessible database,available and accessible from anywhere on the world via network systems like, mostpopular, the Internet. Users must log on to a server in order to gain access. Some ofthis works via telnet or clients include MacMOOSE, Pueblo or encore Xpress. Curtisand Nichols say that MOOs are frequently referred to as text-based virtual realities (own italics, K.M, D.B) (TBVRs)2, because they are based on unformatted text, ratherthan a colourful user graphic interface (UGI). The term object-oriented, hidden inMOO, means MOO players can add new spaces in the form of rooms or otherobjects to the classroom. 1 To provide the reader with a complete history on MUD/MOO environments would by far exceed thelength of this paper. For a complete history, see Holmevik, Jan Rune; Haynes, Cynthia:MOOniversity:a student s guide to online learning environments. 2000. p. 1 ff. 2 Curtis/Nichols 1993: n.p.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 2004221 kr
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Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject American Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0 (B), University of Munster (English Seminar), course: Inventing American History: The Beginnings of the American Historical Novel, language: English, abstract: My research paper is designed to clarify the aspects central to the issue of manhood negotiated in James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans (1826). In the Victorian era, manhood had been positively attributed to the white race exclusively. In novels and illustrations, the ideal man fit the Victorian ideals of manhood (Rotundo 37-40) with fixed traits and attributes, such as courage, sexual self-restraint, a powerful will, and a strong character. As we will see, no male in the novel fits such a formula completely. I will then postulate what drives Cooper to bestow such an image on his male heroes. The Victorian ideals did not apply to all male people. Savage men, as Uncas and his father in the novel, were not considered to possess the distinct traits attributed chiefly to non-savage men, i.e. the white-male. Manliness was clearly linked to white-male supremacy and civilization; a long-held belief in American culture for centuries. The encounter between the uncivilized brutish and the whites is a dominant theme in the novel. We will see that the combining issue of race, gender, culture and civilization is inextricable and fundamental for the study of the subject and therefore will be elaborated on in detail. Many historians have falsely assumed that manhood has a strict, self-evident set of traits, unchanging over time. Other historians have emphasized the fact that the set of traits attributed to manhood varies from period to period, from class to class. This lead to a continual need for redefining male character traits at any historical moment, which often problematically presented itself in coexisting but contradictory views on manhood at a special period. Cooper, of course, was deeply familiar with the period s masculine ideal of manhood, and understood that Victorian readers expected to find these qualities of manliness assigned to his male characters. Indeed, these attributes are present in the white male figures in the novel, but more importantly, Cooper does not hesitate to display an image of white men that portrays male deficiency in various aspects and situations. In chapter III. and IV., this issue is discussed in detail.