Karl Esser – författare

Sexual reproduction in the fungi is extensively regulated by incom­ patibility, which determines, in the absence of any morphological differ­ entiation, the pattern of mating among individual strains. Control of the interactions that comprise the sexual reproductive process resides in specific genetic factors, the incompatibility factors, which occur in several distinct systems in the various groups of fungi and which exert their control in two basically different ways. On the one hand, the system may play the same role as dioecy in higher organisms by restricting or preventing inbreeding among the members of the same race (homo genic incompatibility) and thus enhance outbreeding. On the other hand, the system may impose the opposite effect by restricting or preventing interbreeding between members of different races (heterogenic incompatibility) and thus promote inbreeding. In addition to these basic facts concerning the general biological signi­ ficance of incompatibility, important advances have been made in recent years, especially in the investigation of the genetics of incompatibility systems. Sufficient information concerning the genetic determination of incompatibility is now available to understand many phenomena which were very mysterious in the 1920's, when H. KNIEP, of Wiirzburg, Ger­ many, laid the groundwork for all subsequent study of incompatibility in the higher fungi. Furthermore, there is at present enough conceptual understanding of the physiological activity of the incompatibility-genes and of their action in morphogenetic processes to permit at least the formulation of plausible models of the operation of incompatibility systems.

Nachdem die "Fortschritte der Botanik" viele Jahre fast ausschließ­ lich in deutscher Sprache erschienen sind, ist nun erstmals der über­ wiegende Teil in Englisch abgefaßt. Es ist nur folgerichtig, wenn das auch im Titel zum Ausdruck kommt. Der Entschluß zu dieser tief­ greifenden Veränderung fiel den Herausgebern und dem Verlag nicht leicht, doch erschien er uns notwendig. Englisch wächst immer mehr in die Rolle des mittelalterlichen Lateins hinein; es wird von Wissenschaftlern in aller Welt verstanden. Anglo­ amerikaner und sonstige mit Englisch Aufgewachsene verwerten kaum noch die anderssprachige Literatur. Die "Fortschritte" können hier eine allen zugängliche Brücke bilden, indem sie wie bisher Publika­ tionen aus vielen Sprachen berücksichtigen, diese aber in Englisch besprechen. Am Grundcharakter der Reihe ändert sich dadurch nichts. Sie verfolgt weiterhin das Ziel, konzentriert und rasch (oder in höchstens 2- bis 3-jährigem Turnus) über alle Teilgebiete der Botanik zu berichten und dabei solche Arbeiten auszuwählen, die nennenswerte sachliche oder methodische Fortschritte brachten. Entsprechend der zunehmenden Spe­ zialisierung beteiligen sich hieran zahlreiche Mitarbeiter. Die Muttersprache fast all dieser Mitarbeiter ist nicht das Engli­ sche; deshalb sollte man ihnen manche sprachli-chen Mängel nachsehen. Eine gebührende Erfassung der nicht-englischen Literatur wird weiter­ hin angestrebt. Wer hierzu nicht in der Lage ist, wird auch in Z~­ kunft nur ausnahmsweise als Mitarbeiter in Frage kommen. Die-meisten Autoren haben sich mit der englischen Fassung einverstanden erklärt.

The possession of plasmids was for a long time recognized only in the bacteria. It is now evident that plasmids, or replicative forms of DNA structurally and experimentally comparable to bacterial plasmids, exist in eukaryotic organisms as well. Such plasmids are in fact common among fungi and higher plants. The present review is undertaken to provide a comprehensive account of the data available on plasmids found in eukaryotic organisms. This review will not consider plasmids of prokaryotic origin, even though certain bacterial plasmids, such as the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, may be intimately associated with transformation of the eukaryotic host. This book, moreover, does not consider transformation experiments in eukaryotic hosts involving viral DNA as vectors, although indeed such vectors have been developed for use in plant and animal systems. After a general introduction, providing historical perspective on the nature and role of plasmids, a list of eukaryotic plasmids will be presented according to their origin. This is followed by a detailed discussion of known structure and function. In subsequent chapters the practical implications of eukaryotic plasmids for molecular cloning and biotechnology will be discussed. This latter part traces the development of interest'in biotechnical genetics and gives special consideration to the use of eukaryotic systems for gene cloning. The terminology biotechni­ cal genetics is introduced to the reader and is used in a general sense as equivalent to genetic engineering. Biotechnical genetics includes, but is not limited to, gene cloning through recombinant DNA technology.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

Completing the primary genomic sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana was a major milestone, being the first plant genome and well established as the premiere model species in plant biology. Since working drafts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome became available (Yu et al. 2002), it has become the s- ond-best model organism in plants representing monocotyledons. Understanding how the genome sequence comprehensively encodes de- lopmental programs and environmental responses is the next major ch- lenge for all plant genome projects. This requires functional characterization of genes, including identification of regulatory sequences. Several functional genomics approaches were initiated to decode the linear sequence of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, including full-length cDNA collections, microarrays, natural variation, knockout collections, and comparative sequence analysis (Borevitz and Ecker 2004). Genomics provides the ess- tial tools to speed up the research work of the traditional molecular gene- cist, and is now a scientific discipline in its own right (Borevitz and Ecker 2004).

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, ecology and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

In seiner gelungenen Kombination aus Lehr- und Praktikums- Buch stellt dieser Band die Erg{nzung des fr}her im gleichen Verlag erschienenen Werkes KRYPTOGAMEN: CYANOBAKTERIEN, AL- GEN, PILZE, und FLECHTEN dar. Durch die Einbeziehung der Moose und Farne in diesem Band steht mit beiden B{nden nun eine umfassende Information }ber alle Kryptogamen zur Verf}gung.

Die Neuauflage dieser erfolgreichen Einführung in die Kryptogamen-Kunde bietet wieder die bewährte Kombination aus Lehrbuchtext und Übungsanleitungen. In der Verknüpfung von theoretischem und technisch-methodischem Teil wird dem Lernenden eine moderne Übersicht über die Morphologie, Anatomie und Fortpflanzung der Blaualgen, Algen, Pilze und Flechten gegeben, wobei im praktischen Teil die Kryptogamen in der Reihenfolge ihrer taxonomischen Einordung behandelt werden. Das Buch wendet sich nicht nur an Studenten und Hochschullehrer sondern auch an Lehrer der gymnasialen Oberstufe.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

Completing the primary genomic sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana was a major milestone, being the first plant genome and well established as the premiere model species in plant biology. Since working drafts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome became available (Yu et al. 2002), it has become the s- ond-best model organism in plants representing monocotyledons. Understanding how the genome sequence comprehensively encodes de- lopmental programs and environmental responses is the next major ch- lenge for all plant genome projects. This requires functional characterization of genes, including identification of regulatory sequences. Several functional genomics approaches were initiated to decode the linear sequence of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, including full-length cDNA collections, microarrays, natural variation, knockout collections, and comparative sequence analysis (Borevitz and Ecker 2004). Genomics provides the ess- tial tools to speed up the research work of the traditional molecular gene- cist, and is now a scientific discipline in its own right (Borevitz and Ecker 2004).

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, ecology and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences.The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, ecology and vegetation science.

Die Neuauflage dieser erfolgreichen Einführung in die Kryptogamen-Kunde bietet wieder die bewährte Kombination aus Lehrbuchtext und Übungsanleitungen. In der Verknüpfung von theoretischem und technisch-methodischem Teil wird dem Lernenden eine moderne Übersicht über die Morphologie, Anatomie und Fortpflanzung der Blaualgen, Algen, Pilze und Flechten gegeben, wobei im praktischen Teil die Kryptogamen in der Reihenfolge ihrer taxonomischen Einordung behandelt werden. Das Buch wendet sich nicht nur an Studenten und Hochschullehrer sondern auch an Lehrer der gymnasialen Oberstufe.

With one new volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of botany.The present volume includes reviews on structural botany, plant taxonomy, physiology, genetics and geobotany.