Karl-Heinz Bennemann – författare

Volume 2 of Novel Superfluids continues the presentation of recent results on superfluids, including novel metallic systems, superfluid liquids, and atomic/molecular gases of bosons and fermions, particularly when trapped in optical lattices. Since the discovery of superconductivity (Leyden, 1911), superfluid 4He (Moscow and Cambridge, 1937), superfluid 3He (Cornell, 1972), and observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of a gas (Colorado and MIT, 1995), the phenomenon of superfluidity has remained one of the most important topics in physics. Again and again, novel superfluids yield surprising and interesting behaviors. The many classes of metallic superconductors, including the high temperature perovskite-based oxides, MgB2, organic systems, and Fe-based pnictides, continue to offer challenges. The technical applications grow steadily. What the temperature and field limits are remains illusive. Atomic nuclei, neutron stars and the Universe itself all involve various aspects of superfluidity, and the lessons learned have had a broad impact on physics as a whole.

This book reports on the latest developments in the field of Superfluidity. The phenomenon has had a tremendous impact on the fundamental sciences as well as a host of technologies. It began with the discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911, which was ultimately described theoretically by the theory of Bardeen Cooper and Schriever (BCS) in 1957. The analogous phenomena, superfluidity, was discovered in helium in 1938 and tentatively explained shortlythereafter as arising from a Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) by London. But the importance of superfluidity, and the range of systems in which it occurs, has grown enormously. In addition to metals and the helium liquids the phenomena has now been observed for photons in cavities, excitons insemiconductors, magnons in certain materials, and cold gasses trapped in high vacuum. It very likely exist for neutrons in a neutron star and, possibly, in a conjectured quark state at their center. Even the Universe itself can be regarded as being in a kind of superfluid state. All these topics are discussed by experts in the respective subfields.

Volume 2 of Novel Superfluids continues the presentation of recent results on superfluids, including novel metallic systems, superfluid liquids, and atomic/molecular gases of bosons and fermions, particularly when trapped in optical lattices. Since the discovery of superconductivity (Leyden, 1911), superfluid 4He (Moscow and Cambridge, 1937), superfluid 3He (Cornell, 1972), and observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) of a gas (Colorado and MIT, 1995), the phenomenon of superfluidity has remained one of the most important topics in physics. Again and again, novel superfluids yield surprising and interesting behaviors. The many classes of metallic superconductors, including the high temperature perovskite-based oxides, MgB2, organic systems, and Fe-based pnictides, continue to offer challenges. The technical applications grow steadily. What the temperature and field limits are remains illusive. Atomic nuclei, neutron stars and the Universe itself all involve various aspects of superfluidity, and the lessons learned have had a broad impact on physics as a whole.

Volumes 1 and 2 of Novel Superfluids report on the latest developments in the field of Superfluidity. The phenomenon has had a tremendous impact on the fundamental sciences as well as a host of technologies. It began with the discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911, which was ultimately described theoretically by the theory of Bardeen Cooper and Schriever (BCS) in 1957. The analogous phenomena, superfluidity, was discovered in helium in 1938 and tentatively explained shortly thereafter as arising from a Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) by London. But the importance of superfluidity, and the range of systems in which it occurs, has grown enormously. In addition to metals and the helium liquids the phenomena has now been observed for photons in cavities, excitons in semiconductors, magnons in certain materials, and cold gasses trapped in high vacuum. It very likely exist for neutrons in a neutron star and, possibly, in a conjectured quark state at their center. Even the Universe itself can be regarded as being in a kind of superfluid state. All these topics are discussed by experts in the respective subfields.

This book reports on the latest developments in the field of Superfluidity. The phenomenon has had a tremendous impact on the fundamental sciences as well as a host of technologies. It began with the discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911, which was ultimately described theoretically by the theory of Bardeen Cooper and Schriever (BCS) in 1957. The analogous phenomena, superfluidity, was discovered in helium in 1938 and tentatively explained shortly thereafter as arising from a Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) by London. But the importance of superfluidity, and the range of systems in which it occurs, has grown enormously. In addition to metals and the helium liquids the phenomena has now been observed for photons in cavities, excitons in semiconductors, magnons in certain materials, and cold gasses trapped in high vacuum. It very likely exist for neutrons in a neutron star and, possibly, in a conjectured quark state at their center. Even the Universe itself can be regarded as being in a kind of superfluid state. All these topics are discussed by experts in the respective subfields.

Superconductivity has undergone tremendous advances in recent years. Most notable of course was the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates. This discovery resulted in an enormous influx of new workers to the field representing a host of experimental and theoretical disciplines. When we combine this with the discovery of superconductivity in other materials such as heavy-fermion metals, MgB2, various organics, fullerenes, field-effect devices, magnetic metals under pressure, and presumably non s-symmetry triplet Cooper-pairing in ruthenates (e. g. Sr2Ru04) we have an enrichment of the phenomena superconductivity. This resulted in an explosion of interest in the field. Many of the new superconductors are being called unconventional, either with respect to the pairing mechanism or the symmetry of the under­ lying order parameter. Yet in spite of these new materials and directions, continuing studies of conventional electron-phonon based superconductivity remain interesting. With the aid of historical hindsight, we expect the field to continue to advance in unexpected directions. Nonetheless it is our view that a state of the art treatise on superconductivity is justified at this time, not only to summarize the present understanding, but also to introduce newcomers to the field, as was the case with the two justly-famous 1968 "bibles of super­ conductivity" by our former colleague R. D. Parks for an earlier generation. Hopefully the present books might help to point the way for future workers, research and discoveries.

The second volume is largely concerned with novel superconductors, such as heavy-fermion metals and organic materials, and also includes granular superconductors.

Conceived as the definitive reference in a classic and important field of modern physics, this extensive and comprehensive handbook systematically reviews the basic physics, theory and recent advances in the field of superconductivity. Leading researchers, including Nobel laureate, describe the state of the art in conventional and unconventional superconductors at a particularly opportune time, as new experimental techniques and field-theoretical methods have emerged. In addition to full-coverage of novel materials and underlying mechanisms, the handbook reflects continued intense research into electron-phone based superconductivity. Considerable attention is devoted to high-Tc superconductivity, novel superconductivity, including triplet pairing in the ruthenates, novel superconductors, such as Heavy-Fermion metals and organic materials, and also granular superconductors. What’s more, several contributions address superconductors with impurities and nanostructured superconductors. Important new results on current problems are presented in a manner designed to stimulate further research. Numerous illustrations, diagrams and tables make this book especially useful as a reference work for researchers, students and teachers. Treating the entire superconductivity field, this unparalleled reference resource carefully blends theoretical studies with experimental results to provide the scientist and engineers an indispensable foundation for further research.

The second volume is largely concerned with novel superconductors, such as heavy-fermion metals and organic materials, and also includes granular superconductors.

Superconductivity has undergone tremendous advances in recent years. Most notable of course was the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates. This discovery resulted in an enormous influx of new workers to the field representing a host of experimental and theoretical disciplines. When we combine this with the discovery of superconductivity in other materials such as heavy-fermion metals, MgB2, various organics, fullerenes, field-effect devices, magnetic metals under pressure, and presumably non s-symmetry triplet Cooper-pairing in ruthenates (e. g. Sr2Ru04) we have an enrichment of the phenomena superconductivity. This resulted in an explosion of interest in the field. Many of the new superconductors are being called unconventional, either with respect to the pairing mechanism or the symmetry of the under­ lying order parameter. Yet in spite of these new materials and directions, continuing studies of conventional electron-phonon based superconductivity remain interesting. With the aid of historical hindsight, we expect the field to continue to advance in unexpected directions. Nonetheless it is our view that a state of the art treatise on superconductivity is justified at this time, not only to summarize the present understanding, but also to introduce newcomers to the field, as was the case with the two justly-famous 1968 "bibles of super­ conductivity" by our former colleague R. D. Parks for an earlier generation. Hopefully the present books might help to point the way for future workers, research and discoveries.

The second volume is largely concerned with novel superconductors, such as heavy-fermion metals and organic materials, and also includes granular superconductors.