Keith Griffin - Böcker

Vietnam, along with China, stands out as a rare success story among transition economics. This authoritative study of the reform process since 1989 pays particular attention to the way the macroeconomics framework can contribute to an environment that encourages human development and helps to reduce poverty. Thus there are chapters on macroeconomics reforms, international trade policies, the role of the state, rural development, education and health, environmental issues and poverty and gender inequality. Although areas of weakness are indicated, emphasis is placed on the success Vietnam has experienced compared to other transition economies. The lessons of both the successes and failures of the reform process for policymakers elsewhere are outlined.

The question of alternative strategies for economic development is the subject of great controversy and intense debate amongst practitioners and academics concerned with economic and social progress in the Third World.

The present decade has brought a sharp deterioration in living conditions in many developing countries, especially in Africa and Latin America. Incomes per capita have declined and social expenditure has been cut, with setbacks in nutrition, school enrolment and health services as a result. The burden of economic adjustment tends to fall most heavily on the poor and on vulnerable groups, such as children. This is not only a tragedy in itself but also a waste of human resources and it has led to renewed attention to the role of human resources in the process of development.;This is, of course, not a new issue. It has long been understood that the realization of the full potential of human beings is both a means and an end in itself and that the reduction of poverty should be a primary aim of development. But all too often development tends to bypass the poor unless steps are taken to ensure that they share its benefits; and in times of austerity their position tends to worsen further. Hence, the present search for ways to alleviate poverty, combat hunger and uphold educational and health standards, even in times of economic distress.;This book, containing studies commissioned by the

The present decade has brought a sharp deterioration in living conditions in many developing countries, especially in Africa and Latin America. Incomes per capita have declined and social expenditure has been cut, with setbacks in nutrition, school enrolment and health services as a result. The burden of economic adjustment tends to fall most heavily on the poor and on vulnerable groups, such as children. This is not only a tragedy in itself but also a waste of human resources and it has led to renewed attention to the role of human resources in the process of development. This is, of course, not a new issue. It has long been understood that the realization of the full potential of human beings is both a means and an end in itself and that the reduction of poverty should be a primary aim of development. But all too often development tends to bypass the poor unless steps are taken to ensure that they share its benefits; and in times of austerity their position tends to worsen further. Hence, the present search for ways to alleviate poverty, combat hunger and uphold educational and health standards, even in times of economic distress.This book, containing studies commissioned by the United Nations, focuses on the dynamic interaction between the economic and social variables in development. It presents and develops the case for greater attention to the human factor by identifying and assessing the fundamental role of education, health, work opportunities and social participation in economic and social progress.

This book introduces the basic concepts of human development and presents policy guidelines for implementing a human development strategy in developing countries. Human development is seen both as an end in itself and as a means to increase the capabilities of people. The role of the state, the market and of people's participation in such a strategy are described. Specific chapters discuss the structure of incentives, allocation of public sector resources, structural reforms, the relationship of human development to environmental issues, and finance and administration.

This volume contains an analysis of the economic problems encountered in Mongolia during the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, when poverty increased dramatically, unemployment rose sharply, health and education indicators derteriorated and the economic and social position of women declined. Yet there is considerable potential in Mongolia for a broadly based acceleration of output, particularly if priority is given to the nomadic livestock sector and to grass-roots development at the provincial level. This book contains policy suggestions intended to promote growth and employment and to reduce poverty.

The question of alternative strategies for economic development is the subject of great controversy and intense debate amongst practitioners and academics concerned with economic and social progress in the Third World. The core of this work is an analysis of the six most widely adopted strategies of development, namely monetarism, the open economy, industrialization, the green revolution or agriculture-led development, redistributive strategies of development and socialist strategies.

Studies in Development Strategy and Systemic Transformation examines many of the leading issues in economic development. In Part I, Professor Griffin analyses strategic visions: the role of culture in long-term economic growth; globalization and its implications for the territorial state and global governance; the human development strategy; and the effects of the distribution of productive assets on the pace of development. Part II is concerned with systemic transformation and macroeconomic reform. Alternative reform strategies are analysed for countries trying to effect a transition from centrally-planned to market-oriented economies. Shock therapy is severely criticized. An alternative approach to macroeconomic reform also is presented for sub-Saharan Africa, in which emphasis is placed on an investment-led strategy of structural development. A separate chapter is devoted to how an investment-led strategy could be financed with domestic resources alone. Part III contains three case studies of low-income transition economies, two of which are examples of success (Vietnam and China) and one an example of failure (Kazakhstan).

First Published in 1985. This volume contains material prepared over a three week field trip by the authors in rural China in July and August of 1982 and then again in September 1983. Including field work in the areas of Shaanxi, and the Chongqing municipality.

This study looks at the economic changes accompanying the 1974 social revolution in Ethiopia. It analyses the attempt to introduce a socialist pattern of development and underlines the weaknesses in development strategy. Chapters on land reform and agricultural development are included.

Based on original data obtained from a purpose-designed nationwide household sample survey, the volume contains studies of the overall distribution of income, inequality and poverty in rural areas, wage employment in rural industries, urban wage inequalities, and the relationship between education and income.