Kevin R. Murphy - Böcker

Data, Methods and Theory in the Organizational Sciences explores the long-term evolution and changing relationships between data, methods, and theory in the organizational sciences. In the last 50 years, theory has come to dominate research and scholarship in these fields, yet the emergence of big data, as well as the increasing use of archival data sets and meta-analytic methods to test empirical hypotheses, has upset this order. This volume examines the evolving relationship between data, methods, and theory and suggests new ways of thinking about the role of each in the development and presentation of research in organizations.This volume utilizes the latest thinking from experts in a wide range of fields on the topics of data, methods, and theory and uses this knowledge to explore the ways in which behavior in organizations has been studied. This volume also argues that the current focus on theory is both unhealthy for the field and unsustainable, and it provides more successful ways theory can be used to support and structure research, and demonstrates the most effective techniques for analyzing and making sense of data. This is an essential resource for researchers, professionals, and educators who are looking to rethink their current approaches to research, and who are interested in creating more useful and more interpretable research in the organizational sciences.

Data, Methods and Theory in the Organizational Sciences explores the long-term evolution and changing relationships between data, methods, and theory in the organizational sciences. In the last 50 years, theory has come to dominate research and scholarship in these fields, yet the emergence of big data, as well as the increasing use of archival data sets and meta-analytic methods to test empirical hypotheses, has upset this order. This volume examines the evolving relationship between data, methods, and theory and suggests new ways of thinking about the role of each in the development and presentation of research in organizations.This volume utilizes the latest thinking from experts in a wide range of fields on the topics of data, methods, and theory and uses this knowledge to explore the ways in which behavior in organizations has been studied. This volume also argues that the current focus on theory is both unhealthy for the field and unsustainable, and it provides more successful ways theory can be used to support and structure research, and demonstrates the most effective techniques for analyzing and making sense of data. This is an essential resource for researchers, professionals, and educators who are looking to rethink their current approaches to research, and who are interested in creating more useful and more interpretable research in the organizational sciences.

This volume presents the first wide-ranging critical review of validity generalization (VG)--a method that has dominated the field since the publication of Schmidt and Hunter's (1977) paper "Development of a General Solution to the Problem of Validity Generalization." This paper and the work that followed had a profound impact on the science and practice of applied psychology. The research suggests that fundamental relationships among tests and criteria, and the constructs they represent are simpler and more regular than they appear. Looking at the history of the VG model and its impact on personnel psychology, top scholars and leading researchers of the field review the accomplishments of the model, as well as the continuing controversies. Several chapters significantly extend the maximum likelihood estimation with existing models for meta analysis and VG. Reviewing 25 years of progress in the field, this volume shows how the model can be extended and applied to new problems and domains. This book will be important to researchers and graduate students in the areas of industrial organizational psychology and statistics.

Fascinating insights into what influences behavior on the job. Here, leading psychologists examine the entire spectrum of individual differences and show how they affect personality, vocational interests, job performance, and work dysfunctions. Cutting-edge theory and research no manager should miss.

Based on a previous book by the same authors, Understanding Performance Appraisal delineates a social-psychological model of the appraisal process that emphasizes the goals pursued by raters, ratees, and the various users of performance appraisal. The authors apply this goal-oriented perspective to developing, implementing, and evaluating performance appraisal systems. This perspective also emphasizes the context in which appraisal occurs and demonstrates that the shortcomings of performance appraisal are in fact sensible adaptations to its various requirements, pressures, and demands. Relevant research is summarized and recommendations are offered for future research and applications. Graduate-level students, organizational development consultants and trainers, human resource managers, faculty and scholars, and psychologists in human resource management as well as other professionals who conduct research on performance appraisal programs will find this book not only interesting but also a valuable resource.

This book deals with two key questions. First, is there a firm scientific basis for the major applications of psychology in organizations? Second, does the practice of psychology in organizations contribute in any meaningful way to psychological research? This text attempts to answer these questions by describing some of the unique ways in which Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychologists integrate science and practice in applying psychology in organizations. The editors of this volume believe that there is great potential for the effective interplay of science and practice in I/O psychology. Aware, however, that much work must still be done before a truly effective integration can be achieved and maintained, they have created a text that offers specific suggestions for improvement as well as many examples of successful integration. Psychology in Organizations explores the unique relationship between science and practice within industrial/organizational psychology. The contributors seek to answer two main questions: * Is there a firm scientific basis for the major applications of psychology in organizations? * Does the practice of psychology in organizations contribute in any meaningful way to psychological research? After an initial examination of the industrial/organizational psychologist as a scientist and practitioner, Psychology in Organizations looks at specific roles played in such issues as job performance and productivity, sexual harassment, drug abuse, and drug testing. A final chapter looks at both the past and future of the field and suggests future applications.

The gender and racial composition of the American workforce is rapidly changing. As more women in particular enter the workforce and as they enter jobs that have traditionally been dominated by men, issues related to sex and gender in work settings have become increasingly important and complex. Research addressing sex and gender in the workplace is conducted in several distinct disciplines, ranging from psychology and sociology to management and economics. Further, books on gender at work often reflect either a more traditional management perspective or a more recent feminist perspective; rarely however, are these two orientations on women and work acknowledged within the same text. Thus, the principle goal of the book is to communicate a variety of social psychological literatures and research on gender issues that affect work behaviors to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in applied psychology and business.

The gender and racial composition of the American workforce is rapidly changing. As more women in particular enter the workforce and as they enter jobs that have traditionally been dominated by men, issues related to sex and gender in work settings have become increasingly important and complex. Research addressing sex and gender in the workplace is conducted in several distinct disciplines, ranging from psychology and sociology to management and economics. Further, books on gender at work often reflect either a more traditional management perspective or a more recent feminist perspective; rarely however, are these two orientations on women and work acknowledged within the same text. Thus, the principle goal of the book is to communicate a variety of social psychological literatures and research on gender issues that affect work behaviors to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in applied psychology and business.

This volume presents the first wide-ranging critical review of validity generalization (VG)--a method that has dominated the field since the publication of Schmidt and Hunter's (1977) paper "Development of a General Solution to the Problem of Validity Generalization." This paper and the work that followed had a profound impact on the science and practice of applied psychology. The research suggests that fundamental relationships among tests and criteria, and the constructs they represent are simpler and more regular than they appear. Looking at the history of the VG model and its impact on personnel psychology, top scholars and leading researchers of the field review the accomplishments of the model, as well as the continuing controversies. Several chapters significantly extend the maximum likelihood estimation with existing models for meta analysis and VG. Reviewing 25 years of progress in the field, this volume shows how the model can be extended and applied to new problems and domains. This book will be important to researchers and graduate students in the areas of industrial organizational psychology and statistics.

This book analyzes important criticisms of the current research on Emotional Intelligence (EI), a topic of growing interest in the behavioral and social sciences. It looks at emotional intelligence research and EI interventions from a scientific and measurement perspective and identifies ways of improving the often shaky foundations of our current conceptions of emotional intelligence. With a balanced viewpoint, A Critique of Emotional Intelligence includes contributions from leading critics of EI research and practice (e.g., Frank Landy, Mark Schmit, Chockalingam Viswesvaran), proponents of EI (e.g., Neal Ashkanasy, Catherine Daus), as well as a broad range of well-informed authors.Proponents claim that EI is more important in life than academic intelligence, while opponents claim that there is no such thing as emotional intelligence. Three key criticisms that have been leveled at emotional intelligence include: (1) EI is poorly defined and poorly measured; (2) EI is a new name for familiar constructs that have been studied for decades; and (3) claims about EI are overblown. While the book presents these criticisms, the final section proposes ways of improving EI research and practice with EI theories, tests, and applications.

This book analyzes important criticisms of the current research on Emotional Intelligence (EI), a topic of growing interest in the behavioral and social sciences. It looks at emotional intelligence research and EI interventions from a scientific and measurement perspective and identifies ways of improving the often shaky foundations of our current conceptions of emotional intelligence. With a balanced viewpoint, A Critique of Emotional Intelligence includes contributions from leading critics of EI research and practice (e.g., Frank Landy, Mark Schmit, Chockalingam Viswesvaran), proponents of EI (e.g., Neal Ashkanasy, Catherine Daus), as well as a broad range of well-informed authors.Proponents claim that EI is more important in life than academic intelligence, while opponents claim that there is no such thing as emotional intelligence. Three key criticisms that have been leveled at emotional intelligence include: (1) EI is poorly defined and poorly measured; (2) EI is a new name for familiar constructs that have been studied for decades; and (3) claims about EI are overblown. While the book presents these criticisms, the final section proposes ways of improving EI research and practice with EI theories, tests, and applications.

Statistical Power Analysis explains the key concepts in statistical power analysis and illustrates their application in both tests of traditional null hypotheses (that treatments or interventions have no effect in the population) and in tests of the minimum-effect hypotheses (that the population effects of treatments or interventions are so small that they can be safely treated as unimportant). It provides readers with the tools to understand and perform power analyses for virtually all the statistical methods used in the social and behavioral sciences.Brett Myors and Kevin Murphy apply the latest approaches of power analysis to both null hypothesis and minimum-effect testing using the same basic unified model. This book starts with a review of the key concepts that underly statistical power. It goes on to show how to perform and interpret power analyses, and the ways to use them to diagnose and plan research. We discuss the uses of power analysis in correlation and regression, in the analysis of experimental data, and in multilevel studies. This edition includes new material and new power software. The programs used for power analysis in this book have been re-written in R, a language that is widely used and freely available. The authors include R codes for all programs, and we have also provided a web-based app that allows users who are not comfortable with R to perform a wide range of analyses using any computer or device that provides access to the web.Statistical Power Analysis helps readers design studies, diagnose existing studies, and understand why hypothesis tests come out the way they do. The fifth edition includes updates to all chapters to accommodate the most current scholarship, as well as recalculations of all examples. This book is intended for graduate students and faculty in the behavioral and social sciences; researchers in other fields will find the concepts and methods laid out here valuable and applicable to studies in many domains.

Statistical Power Analysis explains the key concepts in statistical power analysis and illustrates their application in both tests of traditional null hypotheses (that treatments or interventions have no effect in the population) and in tests of the minimum-effect hypotheses (that the population effects of treatments or interventions are so small that they can be safely treated as unimportant). It provides readers with the tools to understand and perform power analyses for virtually all the statistical methods used in the social and behavioral sciences.Brett Myors and Kevin Murphy apply the latest approaches of power analysis to both null hypothesis and minimum-effect testing using the same basic unified model. This book starts with a review of the key concepts that underly statistical power. It goes on to show how to perform and interpret power analyses, and the ways to use them to diagnose and plan research. We discuss the uses of power analysis in correlation and regression, in the analysis of experimental data, and in multilevel studies. This edition includes new material and new power software. The programs used for power analysis in this book have been re-written in R, a language that is widely used and freely available. The authors include R codes for all programs, and we have also provided a web-based app that allows users who are not comfortable with R to perform a wide range of analyses using any computer or device that provides access to the web.Statistical Power Analysis helps readers design studies, diagnose existing studies, and understand why hypothesis tests come out the way they do. The fifth edition includes updates to all chapters to accommodate the most current scholarship, as well as recalculations of all examples. This book is intended for graduate students and faculty in the behavioral and social sciences; researchers in other fields will find the concepts and methods laid out here valuable and applicable to studies in many domains.

This book deals with two key questions. First, is there a firm scientific basis for the major applications of psychology in organizations? Second, does the practice of psychology in organizations contribute in any meaningful way to psychological research? This text attempts to answer these questions by describing some of the unique ways in which Industrial/Organizational (I/O) psychologists integrate science and practice in applying psychology in organizations. The editors of this volume believe that there is great potential for the effective interplay of science and practice in I/O psychology. Aware, however, that much work must still be done before a truly effective integration can be achieved and maintained, they have created a text that offers specific suggestions for improvement as well as many examples of successful integration. Psychology in Organizations explores the unique relationship between science and practice within industrial/organizational psychology. The contributors seek to answer two main questions: * Is there a firm scientific basis for the major applications of psychology in organizations? * Does the practice of psychology in organizations contribute in any meaningful way to psychological research? After an initial examination of the industrial/organizational psychologist as a scientist and practitioner, Psychology in Organizations looks at specific roles played in such issues as job performance and productivity, sexual harassment, drug abuse, and drug testing. A final chapter looks at both the past and future of the field and suggests future applications.

Providing a new perspective on ADHD in adults, this compelling book analyzes findings from two major studies directed by leading authority Russell A. Barkley. Groundbreaking information is presented on the significant impairments produced by the disorder across major functional domains and life activities, including educational outcomes, work, relationships, health behaviors, and mental health. Thoughtfully considering the treatment implications of these findings, the book also demonstrates that existing diagnostic criteria do not accurately reflect the way ADHD is experienced by adults, and points the way toward developing better criteria that center on executive function deficits. Accessible tables, figures, and sidebars encapsulate the study results and methods.